Ailments and Situations - Menopause (and Related Issues)

(also referred to as...)

Artificial Menopause, Natural Menopause, Perimenopause, Premature Menopause

 

(major issues covered...)

 

Atrophic Vaginitis, Fuzzy Thinking, Hot Flashes, Lack of Concentration, Loss of Libido
Low DHEA Levels, Mood Swings and Depression, Osteoporosis, Thinning Hair
Vaginal Dryness, Irritation, and Thinning, Vasomotor Flushes

Introduction

Menopause is derived from the Greek word "meno", for month/menses and "pausis", for pause and refers to the cessation of menses. It is a natural process in a woman's life and is also referred to as the "change of life", or "the change". This period of change is called the climacteric and involves menopause and a general change in ovarian function over the course of six to thirteen years.

Women typically experience menopause between forty-five and fifty-five years of age, with the average being fifty-two. It is also possible for women to experience menopause as early as thirty-nine. In general, a woman's menopause occurs over the same period as that of their mother, though this tendency is not absolute.

A number of theories hold that menopause occurs when there are no longer any eggs left in the ovaries and reflects a natural course of events. A woman is born with approximately one million eggs (ova) which drops to 300,000 to 400,000 by puberty. During the reproductive years, only four hundred ova will actually mature and by the time a woman reaches fifty years of age, very few eggs remain.

 

Cultural Menopause

Sociocultural views and perceptions associated with menopause vary widely around the world. As with aging, menopause is generally shunned upon by mainstream Western society and is viewed as a negative life experience. However, menopause is revered by many as it reflects a time to express and explore the personal power and wisdom within and to learn about and discover one's self. This is the period when many women begin to earnestly live their lives based on their innermost values. It is a period where many women seek peace of mind and harmony from within.

Celtic cultures view the young maiden as the flower, the mother as the fruit, and the elder women as the seed -- that which contains the knowledge and potential of all other parts. The postmenopausal women would use her focused truth and wisdom to re-seed the community with her knowledge. Many native cultures believe menopausal women retain their "wise blood", as opposed to shedding it every moon cycle. In these cultures, a women could not be a shaman until she was postmenopausal. They were key to the tribal decision-making process and also guided younger women into the eventual role they would adopt. Mayan Indian women regard menopause as a highly positive event that allows greater social interactions with respected elders and provides relief from child-bearing. A well-known study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that though Mayan Indian women and identical hormonal levels to that of American women, they experienced no symptoms during menopause and were not at risk from osteoporosis. The influential power of the mind cannot be underestimated.

In the Western world, conventional medicine regards menopause as an estrogen-deficiency disease and not part of a women's natural growth process. This view is largely grounded in Robert A. Wilson's Feminine Forever, published in 1966. Menopause is seen as a point in time where a women's various systems are failing and in decline and must be "treated", primarily with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). "Atrophy", "wither", "senile", and "shut down" are the most frequent terms used when menopause is discussed in the Western medical community.

As a result, this new found source of energy and expression experienced by women during menopause is directed inward as a defense against Western sociocultural negativity, resulting in a number of symptoms including depression, hot flashes, mood swings, and a general lack of direction and identity. Lack of support from friends and family and a misdirected cultural ideal of "forever young" encourages poor nutritional habits as necessary foods are replaced with "comfort" foods, further contributing to a negative experience.

This cultural alienation denies many women of the positive experience that menopause should be and cross-cultural research has shown that the cultural view of menopause directly relates to the menopausal symptoms experienced.

 

Corporate Menopause

Unfortunately, as women from the "baby boomer" generation enter menopause, the opportunity for corporations and various industries to cash in on the "needs" of this age group results in an impression of menopause as unflattering as that of the menstrual cycle. Mainstream media also paints menopause as a widely problematic experience and, as with menstruation, something to be ashamed of and kept quiet about. Our ageist culture equates aging with depression, fatigue, forgetfulness, incontinence, and senility. And as menopause "marks" a transition into this second half of a woman's life, various corporations in waiting effectively play on the fears, uncertainties, and doubts impressed upon the majority of menopausal women in Western society.

Various ads produced by pharmaceutical companies prey on ageist stereotypes and women-centered fears and promote products that make the condition "manageable", allowing menopausal women to enjoy their lives by taking medication, particularly hormones. Instead of promoting a vision of the strong, attractive, naturally menopausal woman full of vitality, society is presented with an image of a general deterioration in body and mind as the aging process continues. Menopause ads show attractive, lavish, middle-aged women happy and content with their lives. They are preventing bone loss, maintaining their libido, and are "in control" of their "problem".

As with most medications, mainstream doctors and gynecologists provide their patients with samples and educate them on the "benefits" provided. With manufactured fears at ease, corporations can look forward to long-term, loyal customers.

Menopause means big business.

 

 

Kinds of Menopause

Perimenopause

Perimenopause refers to the years leading up to the last menstrual period and marks the beginning of an irregular menstrual cycle. Skipped periods and changes in menstrual flow are often taken as signs of entering menopause. Headaches and irritability often occur, due to an estrogen/progesterone imbalance caused by decreased ovulation.

Many women have a salivary or serum hormone profile taken at this time to determine baseline levels of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. This information becomes helpful when dealing with hormone-related issues at a later date. See Hormones, below, for further discussion.

The above listed perimenopause symptoms and others, such as premenstrual migraine headaches, are often relieved or reduced by using 2% progesterone cream during the luteal phase (second half) of the menstrual cycle. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily. Supplemental progesterone is also available. Take 50 to 100mg micronized progesterone one to three times daily from the sixteenth to the twenty-seventh day of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone may also be administered throughout the cycle, as per the recommendation of your naturopath or other health practitioner.

If perimenopause is approached with respect and support for this natural process, a women's experience with menopause will be significantly more positive. If this period is dealt with from a disease perspective requiring management and control, the experience will be much less rewarding.

 

Natural Menopause

As previously mentioned, natural menopause occurs between the ages of forty-five to fifty-five, with the average being fifty-two. Natural menopause typically occurs around the same age as it did for a women's mother, though this is not always the case.

During the climacteric, which lasts six to thirteen years, women will experience skipped periods and hormonal changes, which are most dramatic between the ages of forty-nine and fifty-five. Hormone levels fluctuate as estrogen levels decrease while production of androgens and other hormones increases. Periods may stop for one month or more and then return, while flow and duration will also increase or decrease. It is possible for periods to stop for up to one year, then return. In addition, periods simply stop in some women. The overall irregular ovulation patterns are due to either lowered estrogen levels or resistance of the remaining follicles (cellular housing of the egg) to ovulatory stimulus.

As trends are not absolute and each person is different, women should continue to use contraception up to one year after their last period. One, three, or several skipped periods does not necessarily mean pregnancy will not occur...

A blood test is typically performed at this time that measures levels of the pituitary gonadotropins FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). These hormones are produced by the pituitary gland and stimulate egg production in the ovaries.

When ovulation occurs at mid-cycle each month, FSH and LH levels peak, causing a number of physiological and emotional changes. While estrogen levels and resulting ovulation decreases during the climacteric, FSH and LH levels increase as the pituitary gland is not "told" by the developing egg in the ovaries to slow hormonal secretion. As a result, at a certain point, FSH and LH reach "menopausal levels" in the blood. This test is not always accurate, however, and there have been situations where women with skipped periods and menopausal FSH/LH levels returned to normal menstruation some time later.

With a constant flow of FSH and LH, many believe that the "intuitive wisdom" available to women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle now becomes theoretically available all the time.

While some women experience no menopausal symptoms, common symptoms include hot flashes, lack of concentration, low libido, hair loss, and vaginal dryness and are outlined in more detail under Related Problems, below. Mood swings, irritability, and other symptoms are more common in women who have had difficulty during other hormonal changes such as puberty, premenstrual syndrome, or postpartum depression.

Many women who continue through natural menopause relatively symptom-free often do not require hormone replacement, though it does prove helpful for others during perimenopause / menopause. Some form of hormonal support also proves beneficial in cases of premature or artificial menopause.

 

Premature Menopause

Premature menopause can be caused by an autoimmune disorder stemming from a poor diet or chronic stress. This results in the production of anti-ovarian antibodies that begin menopause when a woman is in her thirties or forties, as opposed to the average age of fifty-two. One out of every one hundred women experience their climacteric at forty years of age or younger.

Premature menopause and loss of ovarian estrogen supply also increases susceptibility to dementia. In this case, taking actions that promote healthy brain and nervous system function are essential. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine the most viable course of action.

Cancer chemotherapy or radiation exposure in the pelvic region also cause premature menopause.

Artificial Menopause

Artificial menopause is most commonly caused by surgery and occurs in 25% of American women. Typical surgeries include a hysterectomy with ovarian removal or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy -- removal of both tubes and ovaries. In both cases, instant menopause results.

Surgical menopause can lead to a sharp decline in estrogen production, while ovarian removal results in decreased testosterone production and other androgens. In this case, proper hormonal balance is essential as symptoms can be severe and debilitating. It is often recommended to adopt an estrogen replacement protocol until the age of fifty-two, when natural menopause occurs.

Menopausal processes may also occur following a hysterectomy without ovarian removal, as the ovaries temporarily decrease hormone production. In this case, symptoms disappear upon the return to normal ovarian function. Progesterone levels also decrease for six or more months following tubal ligation.

 

 

Hormones

Hormones are produced in a number of organs and glands in the body and are responsible for a variety of essential functions. They trigger puberty, stimulate growth, initiate reactions, and promote a number of cell activities. Among the hormonal changes that occur during menopause, ovarian estrogen, progesterone, and the androgens dehydroedianrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone decrease as the ovaries cease to function.

 

Estrogen

Three types of estrogen, estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) are produced in the female body. Among its benefits, estrogen:

• Promotes breast, uterine lining, and ovarian tissue growth
• Elevates levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL), i.e., "good" cholesterol
• Promotes proper blood vessel function
• Prevents osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclasts (bone cells involved in the recycling and breakdown of old bones)
• Helps remedy hot flashes
• Prevents vaginal thinning and dryness
• Enhances skin collagen, improves skin elasticity, and helps prevent wrinkles

Estrone (E1) is largely produced in body fat, which is why anorexic women cease menstruation and are at an increased risk of premature osteoporosis as their body lacks the necessary fat to sustain proper hormone function.

Estrone and estradiol (E2) are the most effective and common estrogens used and are available in oral, transdermal, and vaginal preparations. Estriol should be used where breast cancer is a concern (see below). In general, dosage should be as low as possible to achieve symptomatic relief. An ideal dose should match that found naturally in a woman's body. And as each women is unique, this profile will vary by the individual. High doses and those not balanced by progesterone can be dangerous.

When estrogen over-stimulates the breasts, uterus, or ovaries, excessive cell growth can occur and may lead to cancer. It is for this reason that women who have had breast cancer (or an estrogen-associated neoplasia of any kind), have a family history of breast cancer, or those considered higher risk are generally advised not to pursue conventional estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). In this case, estriol (E3) can be considered.

Estriol is considered a weaker estrogen and may protect against breast cancer. Estriol does not promote excess cell growth in breast tissue or the uterine lining and benefits skin collagen like other estrogen forms. Its effects on cholesterol levels are not equivalent to estrone or estradiol, however. Typical dosage is 2mg daily.

 

Progesterone

Progesterone is often given in significant dosages to regulate estrogen receptors in breast tissue and the uterine lining that respond to the growth-hormone effect of ERT. In many cases, natural progesterone is all that is needed to manage menopausal symptoms, as it acts as a precursor to estrogens and androgens.

Natural progesterone differs from its pharmaceutical counterparts, which cause bloating, depression, headaches, and weight gain, and may increase the risk of fatal coronary artery spasm. Natural progesterone does not affect blood lipids and has no serious side effects.

Typical dosage is 100mg oral micronized natural progesterone daily. NOTE: This dosage is significantly different from pharmaceutical progesterone preparations, which average a typical dosage of 5mg. If using 2% progesterone cream, apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily. The preparation should contain 400mg progesterone per ounce. The cream is considered extremely safe, with very little risk of overdose. Preparations sold as wild yam creams often contain little or no progesterone and are not as effective as standardized 2% progesterone creams.

Progesterone cream has received a fair level of criticism, as it does not result in high serum levels of progesterone. When the progesterone is absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, 80% will bind to red blood cell plasma membranes. This component is typically discarded during blood tests, resulting in an accurately low reading. Salivary levels thus often measure higher than serum levels.

 

Androgens

Androgenic hormones, such as dehydroedianrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone, play a role in energy production, sexual response and libido, and general well-being. These and other androgens are produced in the adrenal glands, body fat, brain, hair follicles, muscles, ovaries, pineal gland, and skin. Levels typically drop following hysterectomy (regardless of whether the ovaries are spared), or tubal ligation due to blood supply changes to the ovary.

As hormone production decreases in the ovaries, the increased FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) levels result in a two-fold increase in adrogenic hormones occurs in the above mentioned organs and body sites. Androgens also act as weak estrogens and are precursors for estrogen production. Depending on a woman's lifestyle and diet, her body thus has the ability to naturally compensate for declining estrogen levels and naturally maintain hormonal balance.

If supplementing, DHEA is administered first, as it is a precursor to testosterone. Typical dosage is 5 to 10mg twice daily.

 

Hormone Deficiency

As previously mentioned, mainstream medicine regards menopause as an estrogen deficiency disease. While this approach may prove helpful in dealing with some situations of perimenopause and menopause, the underlying assumptions and stereotypes paint a negative picture of menopause.

Hormone Replacement Therapy, discussed below, involves the supplementation of declining estrogen levels with a pharmaceutical or natural source. However, androgen hormones, mentioned below, are able to act as substitutes and may negate the need for hormone replacement.

 

Adrenal Gland Support

The adrenal glands are two thumb-sized glands that sit on the top of your kidneys. They produce adrenaline, cortisol, dehydroedianrosterone (DHEA), and other hormones related to energy levels, mood, and general emotional/mental well-being. If these glands are overworked, over-stressed, or nutritionally deprived, fatigue and various menopausal symptoms can result. The adrenal glands may not be functioning optimally if a person:

• Is very groggy upon awakening and has great difficulty getting out of bed.
• "Needs" one or two cups of caffeinated coffee to get going.
• Relies on high-sugar, high-caffeine snacks throughout the day, especially late morning or afternoon.
• Is very tired, but has difficulty falling asleep as thoughts constantly run through the mind.
• Has low libido.

Adrenal gland depletion can result from chronic emotional, nutritional, or other kinds of stress. It is also associated with confusion, depression, headaches, hypoglycemia, insomnia, memory problems, recurrent infections, and sweet cravings.

 

 

Adrenal Stressors

As stated in Christiane Northrup's Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom, the following stressors also lead to adrenal dysfunction:

Unresolved Emotional Stress

• Anger
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Fear
• Guilt
• Worry

Environmental and Physical Stress

• Chronic illness
• Chronic or severe allergies
• Chronic pain
• Excessive exercise
• Exposure to industrial or other environmental toxins
• Late hours and insufficient sleep
• Light-cycle disruption, i.e., shift work
• Overwork, either physical or mental
• Surgery
• Temperature extremes
• Trauma and injury

 

Cortisol and DHEA

Cortisol is another key hormone produced by the adrenal glands and must be properly balanced with DHEA to promote overall health. In addition to enhancing the body's natural resistance and endurance, cortisol:

• Stimulates the liver to convert amino acids into energy producing glucose.
• Fights allergies and inflammation.
• Helps regulate mood and promote emotional harmony.
• Stimulates glycogen production in the liver for glucose storage.
• Provides resistance to stressors such as infection, physical and emotional trauma, and temperature extremes.
• Promotes the use of fatty acids from fat cells as an energy source.

Among its benefits, DHEA:

• Functions as an androgen to promote tissue synthesis.
• Is a precursor to libido-related testosterone.
• Reverses immune system depression caused by high cortisol levels (see below) and thus increases resistance to allergies, bacteria, cancer, Candida albicans, parasites, and viruses.
• Stimulates bone deposition and development, preventing osteoporosis.
• Lowers LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.
• Decreases overall body fat while increasing muscle mass.
• Improves energy and vitality, sleep, and mental clarity.
• Reduces symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome.
• Helps the body recover from acute stresses associated with sleep deprivation, excessive exercise, and emotional trauma.

Excessive cortisol production can result in:

• Increased blood sugar from inefficient cell glucose use.
• Decreased protein synthesis ability.
• Increased protein breakdown, leading to muscle wasting and osteoporosis.
• Suppression of sex hormones.
• Increased risk of heart disease, high cholesterol, and hypertension.
• Immune system depression.

Under normal circumstances, DHEA counters many of the effects of excess cortisol production. DHEA supplementation may be recommended for some menopausal women until the body is able to maintain proper balance on its own.

To encourage balance, women are often told to "think with your heart". This technique can naturally increase DHEA levels by altering the physiological and emotional responses to emotional stress. Strategies include shifting attention to a happy, funny, or mood-boosting events, persons, or places, thinking about a child or pet and the unconditional love or appreciation felt, and recognizing the innate ability to consciously shift out of a negative mood or space that induces stress.

For more information, see Low DHEA Levels under Related Problems, below.

 

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hormone replacement therapy is the most hotly contested and highly profitable aspect of menopause. At stake is a woman's ability to naturally balance various hormones, the potential need to support this process through either pharmaceutical or natural pathways, and the disturbing trend of not presenting menopausal women with enough information and options to make an informed, personal decision.

When pursuing hormone replacement therapy, where from a pharmaceutical or natural source, a woman should always use the lowest amount of supplementation that provides symptomatic relief.

 

Pharmaceutical Hormone Support

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) began in the 1940's and 1950's, when estrogen was widely prescribed to relieve menopausal symptoms. As of the 1970's, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) became the medical norm when dealing with menopause. It is now well known that ERT leads to a four to thirteen-time increased risk in developing endometrial (uterine lining) cancer. Today, pharmaceutical ERT combines estrogen with progesterone. This combined approach is known as hormone replacement therapy.

The majority of women are prescribed, Premarin. Introduced in 1949, the drug contains twenty different conjugated equine estrogens derived from pregnant horse urine. Indeed, the name "Premarin" is really an acronym for the phrase "pregnant mares' urine". One drop of water on a Premarin tablet will confirm this. This is the pharmaceutical estrogen employed in most laboratory studies. Typical "blanket" dosage is 0.625mg.

Premarin causes a number of side effects, including bloating, cramps, headaches, heavy periods, and sore breasts. The hormones present in Premarin also do not match those of the human body, as they are derived from horses.

If a woman has not had a hysterectomy, she may also be prescribed a synthetic progestin that works with Premarin and supplements naturally occurring progesterone. Provera (medroxyprogesterone) is the most common. The synthetic progestin prevents Premarin from inducing excessive uterine lining tissue growth, which can increase the risk of uterine cancer. Natural progesterone accomplishes the same goal and is free of the Provera side effects, including symptoms mimicking that of premenstrual syndrome.

 

Natural Hormone Support

As opposed to synthetic or cross-species derived hormones, natural hormone support involves the use of plant hormones found in common foods that more closely relate to the human body. Phytohormones present in soy and wild yam are harvested and modified in a laboratory to become natural, or bioidentical hormones -- hormones that exactly match those of the human body.

Estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone are available in these preparations and are standardized to ensure a reliable and consistent dosage. Hormones are administered orally, transdermally, or vaginally.

Under natural hormone support, the amount and type of hormone supplementation varies by individual. Dosage adjustments are regularly made for the first year until an optimal dose is found. As the climacteric continues and a woman moves from perimenopause into menopause, the dosage will likely change again.

To more accurately determine dosage levels, a woman should have a hormone profile taken in her early to mid-forties when she has not yet entered menopause and is symptom-free. Her personal hormone levels will thus be known beforehand and a hormone support protocol can be more accurately determined during menopause. Naturopaths or other health practitioners can arrange to have the profile taken.

The goal should be to restore hormones, or precursors, to the levels present in the hormone file taken in a woman's thirties or forties. This approach considers estrogen, progesterone, and androgens, even when women have had their uteruses removed.

In addition to phytohormones found in soy and wild yam, 2% progesterone cream is commonly used in natural hormone support. Application rates vary. In general, apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily. Overall duration should be determined in consultation with your naturopath or other health practitioner.

 

YOUR Hormone Replacement Strategy

Above all, it is important to remember that if you pursue hormone replacement, the strategy should be based on your decisions, your knowledge of the situation, and your needs. The following profiles will further assist you in and can be used in further discussion with your naturopath or other health practitioner.

- Low-Risk Profile -

Low-Risk Profile: HRT Optional

According to Christiane Northrup's Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom, the following low-risk profile often makes hormone replacement theory one option to consider:

• Normal physiologic menopause at age 50 +/- 5
• No family history of cardiovascular disease before age 65
• No family history of osteoporosis
• Medium to heavy frame
• Non-smoker
• No long-term drug use where side effects include osteoporosis, e.g., steroids, thyroid medication (high doses), and some diuretics
• Maximum alcohol consumption of two or three drinks weekly
• Healthy, balanced diet rich in essential fatty acids, primarily omega-3
• Regular weight-bearing exercise and aerobic exercise, three times weekly
• No history of depression
• Passion for life

- High-Risk Profile -

High-Risk Profile: HRT Recommended, Unless Contraindicated

According to Christiane Northrup's Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom, the following high-risk profile often makes hormone replacement theory a viable option unless contraindicated:

• Premature menopause at 40 years of age or earlier
• Artificial menopause before 45, caused by surgery, chemotherapy, drugs, or radiation
• Diagnosed cardiovascular disease
• Strong family history of cardiovascular disease
• Apple-shaped figure / High umbilical-to-hip ratio
• Strong family history of Alzheimer's disease, or dementia
• Smoker
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Poor diet high in refined-foods, low in essential nutrients
• Little desire for living life

- Before You Decide -

Before You Decide ...

After reviewing the profiles outline above, you may find that elements of your particular history and lifestyle fall into both profiles. It is for this reason and many others that you are encouraged to thoroughly discuss the issue of hormone replacement therapy with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine the various options available to you. In the end, you will be able to confidently make decisions that meet your personal needs.

 

Related Problems

Menopause can be viewed as a time when a woman focuses on the prevention of problems that seem to intensify during this period. Some of these problems are not directly caused by menopause and are influenced by diet, culture, genetics and family history, personal expectations, and self-esteem. Fifteen percent of menopausal women do not experience symptoms, while eighty-five percent will experience hot flashes, of which one half consider to be intolerable. Over time, other symptoms such as vaginal dryness and thinning, heart disease risk, and osteoporosis fracture risk increase and become more prominent as a woman enters her late sixties or older.

In almost all cases, a wide variety of viable alternatives exist to make a situation more manageable. Naturopaths and other health practitioners often combine remedies as a complementary approach to menopause.

Hot flashes, lack of concentration, loss of libido, low DHEA levels, mood swings and depression, osteoporosis, thinning hair, and vaginal dryness, irritation and thinning are outlined in more detail below. Long term concerns such as breast cancer and heart disease are also discussed.

Nutritional Support

During menopause, a woman will be creating the healthy body she will rely on for the rest of her life. As a result, proper nutrition through menopause will provide the female body with the nutrients needed to support the various physical changes that occur, as well as encouraging a balanced diet that helps prevent long term concerns such as breast cancer and heart disease.

A healthy diet will ensure your body receives the necessary vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, and other elements to function properly. Phytoestrogens (found in soy, flaxseed, flaxseed oil, alfalfa, apples, celery, fennel, nuts, parsley, and whole grains), organic fruits and vegetables, whole grains, essential fats, and organic protein sources can be combined in a number of complementary ways. Consult with your dietician, naturopath, or other health practitioner to outline a menu appropriate for your needs.

A primary underlying factor is the chronic depletion of a women's metabolic resources during the menopausal years. The ease of transition occurring during menopause depends largely on a women's nutrition and strength of her adrenal glands. Hormone production from the ovaries over to the adrenal glands may occur with relative ease in a healthy woman. However, adrenal function may not be optimal if a women enters menopause in a nutrient and emotionally depleted state.

Until a woman's endocrine balance is restored, proper nutritional, emotional, and hormonal support will help ease the transition.

 

 

Hot Flashes

Also referred to as vasomotor flushes, hot flashes refer to a dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, leading to a rise in skin temperature and flushing of the skin. Hot flashes are typically experienced during the first year of the climacteric, but can continue for ten to forty years. They affect fifty to eighty-five percent of women, who feel a sensation of warmth and slight sweating, usually localized around the head and neck for a few seconds to two minutes, followed by cold chills. Ten to fifteen percent of women are significantly affected, experiencing hourly waves of heat and drenching sweats. Intense hot flushes can disrupt daily activities and lead to sleep problems and depression. Other symptoms that may occur include dizziness, fatigue, headaches, increased heart rate, and weight gain.

The cause of hot flashes is not known, but is believed to be influenced by neurotransmitter changes. Women may also experience them when anxious or tense and hot flashes may also occur during adolescence, postpartum, or premenstrual syndrome.

 

 

Remedies

- Aromatherapy -

Aromatherapy

Clary sage, when used in a diffuser, helps ease symptoms. You may also add one or two drops to a handkerchief and inhale whenever you feel a flush coming. Keep in a sealed plastic bag to prevent the scent from dissipating.

- Foods -

Foods

Soy protein reduces the intensity of hot flashes. Eat 50g daily (easily obtained through eating tofu and other soy-based foods).

Foods containing phytoestrogens and isoflavones are well known to decrease menopausal symptoms and balance estrogen levels. Phytoestrogens are found in alfalfa, apples, almonds, cashews, celery, corn, fennel, flaxseed, flaxseed oil, oats, parsley, peanuts (not a recommended source), soy, wheat, and whole grains.

- Food Supplements -

Food Supplements

Evening primrose oil is good for hot flashes. Take 1 500mg capsule daily, in the morning.

Lecithin reduces hot flashes and related symptoms. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times daily, before meals. If using in capsule form, take 1,200mg 3 times daily, before meals.

- Herbs -

Herbs

Black cohosh, chaste tree berry, dong quai, fo-ti, Siberian ginseng, and wild yam are all herbs that have been traditionally used to treat a variety of menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes. These herbs must typically be used for four to six weeks before an improvement is noticed. Preparations are outlined in more detail below.

Black cohosh contains isoflavones and most closely resembles equine estrogens. It helps balance hormone levels and is generally used to treat a variety of problems associated with the female reproductive system. Black cohosh has been widely studied for its beneficial effects and forms the basis of a variety of commercial menopause preparations available at health food stores. If supplementing, take 200 to 500mg daily. If using in tincture form, take 60 to 80 drops daily.

Chaste tree berry is wonderful in relieving symptoms of menopause. This herb works by acting on the anterior pituitary gland, reducing FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and increasing LSH (luteum-stimulating hormone). Essentially, this stimulates the production of progesterone and reduces estrogen levels. To prepare an infusion, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 teaspoon berries and infuse 15 minutes. Take 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take 15 to 30 drops 3 times daily. NOTE: Chaste tree berry should not be taken alongside any progesterone drugs.

Dong quai is sometimes referred to as the "woman's ginseng" and according to Lesley Tierra, author of The Herbs of Life, proves beneficial in menopause. To prepare a decoction, bring 4 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer 10 to 15 minutes. You will likely be left with 3 cups of decoction, as 250mL often evaporates during the process. Divide decoction into 3 doses daily. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops 3 times daily.

Fo-ti is considered a whole body tonic used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the kidneys, liver, blood, nervous system, and reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring three cups water and three teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into three doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops of tincture three to four times daily. NOTE: Fo-ti is contraindicated in irritable bowel syndrome.

Although not a true ginseng, Siberian ginseng has similar properties to the ginseng family. It is used as a nerve tonic and is considered a good adjunct remedy to use during menopause. If supplementing, take 250 to 500mg daily or more, depending on formulation. If using in tincture form, take 10 to 20mL daily. You can make or purchase Siberian ginseng tea, but it is much less effective in this form due to the low concentration of herb. NOTE: Do not take ginseng if you are on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), supplementing with estrogen, or taking corticosteroids. Other forms of ginseng are not recommended for women.

Wild yam is used to treat a variety of problems associated with the female reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring 3 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 30 drops of tincture three times daily.

- Homeopathy -

Homeopathy

Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For dosages, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.

Belladonna: Sudden, intense hot flashes. Pulsation or throbbing felt in the head or other areas of the body. Woman may also have a migraine, blood pressure fluctuations, and cravings for lemons or lemonades.

Glonoinum: Intense hot flashes with flushing. Pulsing or pounding feeling in the head. Menstrual flow may start, then stop early. Palpitations, surging sensation, headaches, irritability, and fuzzy thinking may also be present. Situation made worse when woman gets warm, stays in the sun too long, or lies down.

Graphites: Hot flashes on the face. Woman is chilly and pale, feels sluggish, has trouble concentrating, and is slow to become alert upon waking in the morning. Nosebleeds and sharp pain in the lower abdomen may also be present. Tendency towards weight gain and skin problems with oozing, cracked eruptions.

Lachesis: Intense hot flashes with red/purplish flushing. Palpitations and a congested, constrictive feeling also felt. Tight clothing, specifically around the neck, is often highly irritating. Woman is talkative and experiences strong emotions.

Sulphur: Hot flashes and flushing in the early morning, where woman will throw the covers off. Woman is anxious, weeping, and excessively worries about her health. Woman is mentally active, perhaps eccentric, and has messy habits. Warmth makes situation worse.

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

Avoid refined carbohydrates, coffee, alcohol, and other stimulants.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), either natural or conventional, results in a 100% decrease in hot flashes when due to low estrogen levels. This is not always the cause of hot flashes, however. Hypothyroidism, alcohol consumption, and some situations of diabetes can also induce hot flashes.

Progesterone cream helps relieve hot flashes in some women. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily.

- Therapies, Healing Aids, and More -

Therapies, Healing Aids, and More

Meditation and other relaxation techniques can help relieve hot flashes, sometimes by up to 90%. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner for more information.

- Vitamins -

Vitamins

Vitamin E reduces hot flashes. Start with 400 IU daily. You may further increase dosage slowly until symptoms are relieved. Do not exceed 1,600 IU daily.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

2% Progesterone Cream	Alfalfa (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Almonds (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Apples (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Avoid Alcohol	Avoid Coffee
Avoid Refined Carbohydrates	Avoid Stimulants	Belladonna
Black Cohosh	Cashews (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Celery (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Chaste Tree Berry	Clary Sage	Corn (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Dong Quai	Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT)	Evening Primrose Oil
Fennel (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Flaxseed (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Flaxseed Oil (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Fo-Ti	Glonoinum	Graphites
Lachesis	Lecithin	Meditation
Oats (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Parsley (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Peanuts (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Siberian Ginseng	Soy (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Sulphur
Vitamin E	Wheat (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Whole Grains (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Wild Yam

 

Lack of Concentration (Fuzzy Thinking)

One common experience had by many perimenopausal and menopausal women is a feeling of being unable to use their left brain or intellect as effectively as before. This situation is similar to that experienced by many women during pregnancy and postpartum. This inability to think straight is also referred to as "fuzzy thinking" and appears to be a normal development during menopause.

Fuzzy thinking may be mistaken for Alzheimer's Disease by some, but the two are quite different. There is no solid evidence supporting a blanket belief that all men and women lose their memory or become senile as they age.

One theory on fuzzy thinking is that the state results from a temporary disconnection from the frontal lobes -- that part of the brain responsible for all things rational and linear.

 

 

Remedies

Rather than attempting to "cure" this situation, fuzzy thinking should be embraced with open arms. By discarding the rational, linear, future-planning lines of thought and reason, a women is able to explore new avenues of experiencing and reflecting with the world in a remarkably more intuitive manner. Expressions in the form of art, sculpting, or writing are commonly discovered by menopausal women as a means of relating to the world and overcoming the limitations of the linear tunnel vision that dominates modern intellect.

Pick up a hobby. Learn to knit. Start a craft. Take up an art class. Or cooking. Or one of many relaxation techniques. Possibilities abound for new forms of experience and expression.

 

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

Take Advantage of the Situation

 

Loss of Libido

There is a common misconception surrounding menopause that associates reproductive capacity with sexual capacity. As reproductive capacity declines, i.e., "failed productivity", it is commonly believed that sexual desire and activity will do so as well. However, sexual pleasure and reproductive capacity are two distinct functions that stand on their own.

Some women do experience a loss of libido, primarily due to exhaustion from years of stress and the daily demands of life -- there simply is not much energy left for libido. As testosterone levels can also decrease in many postmenopausal women, sexual desire can be affected as well.

Many women are mistakenly seen as lacking sexual desire but in reality lack a suitable / available partner or experience problems during intercourse. 50% of menopausal women experience no decline in libido, while less than 20% experience significant decline.

Another problem that can directly affect a woman's libido is the ability of her partner to get and maintain an erection. If her partner is beginning to experience difficulty in this area, he may view this as impending impotence and avoid sexual activity. Fear of impotence is a common problem for middle-aged couples but can be treated through education and a variety of lifestyle changes.

On the other hand, some women experience greater sexual desire and activity during the climacteric and postmenopausal period as the risk of unwanted pregnancy is no longer a factor. Key to this and other situations of sexual desire and interest is often marital / inter-couple happiness.

 

 

Remedies

Treating libido loss involves a highly personalized approach. The following remedies are listed as options to consider when in discussion with your naturopath or other health practitioner. Regardless, a woman should have her testosterone and DHEA levels tested to facilitate an effective adrenal gland support protocol.

- Herbs -

Herbs

Damiana stimulates libido and is used as an aphrodisiac by both men and women. To prepare an infusion, add 1 teaspoon herb to 1 cup water and infuse for 15 minutes. Drink 1 cup 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops of quality tincture 3 times daily.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Progesterone acts as a precursor to DHEA and other androgens, promoting libido. It can also be converted into some types of estrogen. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily.

Dehydroedianrosterone (DHEA) supplementation often increases testosterone levels, as it is a precursor to this hormone, and naturally promotes well-being. Take 10 to 25mg daily. You may experience a slight increase in arm and leg hair growth.

Testosterone is the key androgen related to libido. Natural testosterone can be given as a skin or vaginal cream or gel. In general, use 1 to 2mg every other day. If supplementing, take 1mg daily or every other day. You may wish to consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine a more customized dosage rate. You may experience a slight increase in arm and leg hair growth.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

2% Progesterone Cream	Damiana	DHEA
Natural Testosterone (Cream)

 

Low DHEA Levels

Dehydroedianrosterone (DHEA) and the role it plays in the body is discussed under Adrenal Gland Support, above.

 

 

Remedies

- Herbs -

Herbs

Siberian ginseng contains a compound related to pregnenolone, that acts as a precursor for DHEA and cortisol. Take 100mg twice daily. NOTE: The ginseng family is very stimulating to the body. Take this herb before 3:00PM.

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

Avoid excess demands on your life. If additional tasks or responsibilities will tax your strength, remove them from your list of things to do. This will help reduce stress levels and the subsequent demands placed on your body.

The adrenal glands are restored during sleep that occurs before midnight. Try to get to bed by 10:00PM for maximum benefit.

Avoid sugar, caffeine, and nutritionally deficient junk food that provide no benefit to your body, strain your immune system, and overwork your adrenal glands.

- Minerals -

Minerals

Magnesium is essential for energy production via its interaction with Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). However, high cortisol levels can lead to increased excretion of magnesium via urine. Take 300 to 400mg daily. Use a chelated from such as magnesium glycinate or aspartate for optimal absorption. Magnesium is also available in raw, organic, green, leafy vegetables, whole grains, raw nuts and seeds, and tofu.

Zinc is important for general organ growth and development. Take 15 to 30mg daily. Zinc is also found in mushrooms, seafood, spinach, sunflower seeds, whole grains, soy beans and legumes, lamb chops, pork loin, chicken, eggs, milk, fish and liver. NOTE: Zinc intake greater than 100mg daily from all sources can depress the immune system and become toxic.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Hormonal DHEA support will help your adrenals recover and promote a balanced state. Supplementation can be safely used for three to six months until your body can maintain a balance without external support. DHEA is available in skin cream, pill, or tincture form. Start with a very low dosage and gradually work your way up until you note a positive change in energy levels. Average dosage is 5 to 10mg twice daily up to a maximum of 50mg total daily dosage. Have your DHEA levels tested after three months of supplementation. If levels have returned to normal, gradually decrease DHEA supplementation until you reach zero.

Progesterone cream also helps relieve symptoms associated with high cortisol levels. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily.

- Therapies, Healing Aids, and More -

Therapies, Healing Aids, and More

Light exercise helps increase circulation, boosts mood, and keeps you in shape. However, do not overexert yourself. Excess strain will further stress your adrenals. Instead, start with a simple, low-impact program and work your way up to a more challenging routine as you see fit.

A healthy diet will ensure your body receives the necessary vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, and other elements to function properly. Organic fruits and vegetables, whole grains, essential fats, and organic protein sources can be combined in a number of complementary ways. Consult with your dietician, naturopath, or other health practitioner to outline a menu appropriate for your needs.

- Vitamins -

Vitamins

A B-complex supplement helps support your nervous system by providing it with the nutrients it needs to function properly. Take one 50mg capsule once or twice daily. Do not take more than 50mg at one time, as your body cannot absorb a larger amount in a single dosage.

Vitamin C supports the blood vessels that in turn support the adrenal glands. Take 500 to 2,000mg daily, in divided doses.

Pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅) promotes energy production, has anti-stress properties, and is essential for the production of adrenal hormones and function of the adrenal glands. Take 500 to 1,000mg daily in divided doses. B₅ is also available in avocados, brewer's yeast, beef, buckwheat, cheese, eggs, fresh vegetables, legumes, nuts, royal jelly, saltwater fish, sunflower seeds, and whole wheat.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

2% Progesterone Cream	Avoid Caffeine	Avoid Excess Demands
Avoid Sugar	B Complex	(Light) Exercise
Ginseng (Siberian)	Go To Bed Before Midnight	Healthy Diet
Hormonal DHEA Support	Magnesium	Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B Complex	Vitamin C	Zinc

 

Mood Swings and Depression

Mood swings and depression during menopause are, in almost all cases, caused by external factors not related to this life change. Menopause does not cause poor psychological or physical health and women experiencing the climacteric have a lower incidence of depression than younger women.

Factors such as caring for one or more elder parents, dealing with social stresses at work or at home, or lack of coming to terms with emotional needs can all lead to mood swings and possibly depression.

If there is a significant amount of "unfinished business" that has accumulated during the first half of a woman's life, these issues must be effectively dealt with before she can thoroughly enjoy the transition through menopause and welcome the wealth of new possibilities available to postmenopausal women.

By focusing attention on inner needs, the majority of symptoms both indirectly and directly related to menopause can be viably dealt with. The following remedies may also prove useful.

 

 

Remedies

- Herbs -

Herbs

Black cohosh, chaste tree berry, dong quai, fo-ti, Siberian ginseng, and wild yam are all herbs that have been traditionally used to treat a variety of menopausal symptoms, including mood swings and depression. These herbs must typically be used for four to six weeks before an improvement is noticed. Preparations are outlined in more detail below.

Black cohosh contains isoflavones and most closely resembles equine estrogens. It helps balance hormone levels and relieves symptoms associated with mood swings and depression. Black cohosh is also generally used to treat a wide variety of problems associated with the female reproductive system. If supplementing, take 200 to 500mg daily. If using in tincture form, take 60 to 80 drops daily.

Chaste tree berry is wonderful in relieving symptoms of menopause. This herb works by acting on the anterior pituitary gland, reducing FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and increasing LSH (luteum-stimulating hormone). Essentially, this stimulates the production of progesterone and reduces estrogen levels. To prepare an infusion, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 teaspoon berries and infuse 15 minutes. Take 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take 15 to 30 drops 3 times daily. NOTE: Chaste tree berry should not be taken alongside any progesterone drugs.

Dong quai is sometimes referred to as the "woman's ginseng" and according to Lesley Tierra, author of The Herbs of Life, proves beneficial in menopause. To prepare a decoction, bring 4 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer 10 to 15 minutes. You will likely be left with 3 cups of decoction, as 250mL often evaporates during the process. Divide decoction into 3 doses daily. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops 3 times daily.

Fo-ti is considered a whole body tonic used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the nervous system, kidneys, liver, blood, and reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring three cups water and three teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into three doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops of tincture three to four times daily. NOTE: Fo-ti is contraindicated in irritable bowel syndrome.

St. John's Wort is one of the most common herbs used to deal with mild or moderate depression. The active ingredient, hypericin, is a natural monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. By inhibiting MAO activity, mood-boosting serotonin is produced. A number of studies have concluded that many depressed patients had better results taking St. John's Wort than prescription medication. In addition, German doctors prescribe St. John's Wort four times as often as Prozac for depression. NOTE: Be sure to avoid foods and medications that negatively interact with St. John's Wort. This includes foods containing the chemical tyramine. In general, these are high-protein foods that have undergone aging, pickling, fermentation, or similar processes. Dosage is 300 to 500mg 2 to 3 times daily with meals for six to eight weeks. Other recommendations suggest aiming for a hypericin content of 0.3% (from a standardized or guaranteed potency preparation).

Although not a true ginseng, Siberian ginseng has similar properties to the ginseng family. It is used as a nerve tonic and is considered a good adjunct remedy to use during menopause. If supplementing, take 250 to 500mg daily or more, depending on formulation. If using in tincture form, take 10 to 20mL daily. You can make or purchase Siberian binseng tea, but it is much less effective in this form due to the low concentration of herb. NOTE: Do not take ginseng if you are on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), supplementing with estrogen, or taking corticosteroids. Other forms of ginseng are not recommended for women.

Wild yam is used to treat a variety of problems associated with the female reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring 3 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 30 drops of tincture three times daily.

- Homeopathy -

Homeopathy

Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For dosages, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.

Ignatia: For emotional ups and downs during menopause. Woman is sensitive, yet tries to hide her feelings by being guarded, defensive, moody, or hysterical. Headaches, muscle spasms, menstrual cramps, and irregular periods often present. Chest feels heavy. Woman tends to sigh and yawn. Sudden outbursts of tears or laughter.

Lilium Tigrinum: Woman feels hurried, anxious, and very emotional. Easily agitates / intimidates others and tends to fly into rages. Sensation of tightness in the chest. Pelvic organs feel as if they are pressing out, inducing woman to sit constantly or cross her legs.

Natrum Muriaticum: Woman seems reserved on the outside but has strong emotions held inside. Often feels deep grief, dwells on happier times, or broods about disappointments. Irregular periods accompanied by backache or migraines. Woman craves salt. Sun exposure makes situation worse.

Pulsatilla: Woman has changeable moods, is soft and emotional, and tends towards tears. She is attached to her family and has difficulty facing a potential "empty nest". Has insecurities about getting older. Craves desserts and butter, which may lead to a weight problem. Irregular periods, queasy feelings, alternating heat and chills, and lack of thirst may also be present. Stuffy rooms make situation worse. Open air makes situation better.

Staphysagria: Woman seems mild-mannered, accommodating, and shy, yet suppresses her emotions. She may become depressed during the climacteric and have outbursts of unaccustomed rage, which can include throwing or breaking things. She may have a controlling spouse or experience abuse during childhood.

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

Resolving unfinished emotional business in one's life often results in significant mood improvement, negating the need for additional forms of healing. By coming to terms with problems and situations and discarding excess baggage, one's outlook, hopes, feelings, and mood exponentially increase with each progressive step.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Hormone replacement therapy helps relieve depression in some women, while having no effect on others. Estrogen replacement therapy may also prove helpful. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine the appropriateness of this therapy for your needs.

- Therapies, Healing Aids, and More -

Therapies, Healing Aids, and More

A healthy diet will ensure your body receives the necessary vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, and other elements to function properly. Organic fruits and vegetables, whole grains, essential fats, and organic protein sources can be combined in a number of complementary ways. Consult with your dietician, naturopath, or other health practitioner to outline a menu appropriate for your needs.

Light exercise promotes circulation, maintains healthy joints and muscles, and releases mood-boosting endorphins into the body. Consult with your personal trainer, naturopath, or other health practitioner to outline a program suitable for your needs.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

Black Cohosh	Chaste Tree Berry	Dong Quai
Estrogen Replacement Therapy	Exercise	Fo-Ti
Healthy Diet	Hormone Replacement Therapy	Ignatia
Lilium Tigrinum	Natrum Muriaticum	Pulsatilla
Resolve Unfinished Emotional Business	Siberian Ginseng	St. John's Wort
Staphysagria	Wild Yam

 

Osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most widespread, disabling ailments affecting North American women today. On average, women lose 2 to 5% bone mass per year for five years during their climacteric. In addition, 50% of bone loss typically occurs before entering menopause, due to poor diet and nutritional deficiencies, lack of exercise, depression, and lack of pregnancy.

For more information, see the dedicated section on Osteoporosis.

 

 

Remedies

A wide variety of remedies, full descriptions, dosages, and contraindications can be found in the dedicated section on Osteoporosis.

 

 

Thinning Hair

Thinning hair is experience by up to 33% of menopausal and postmenopausal women. The problem is related to subtle hormonal balances associated with insulin resistance. As hair follicles on the body respond to various hormones at various rates, facial hair may actually increase while the hair on the head thins.

 

Remedies

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

A healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids often proves helpful. Fish oil and flaxseed/linseed oil are high in omega-3 fatty acids. Other oils include borage, non-GMO corn, evening primrose, hemp, pumpkin seed, safflower, and non-GMO soybean oil. Eggs are yet another source of omega-3 fatty acids.

Lose excess body fat, if applicable.

- Therapies, Healing Aids, and More -

Therapies, Healing Aids, and More

Acupuncture proves helpful for some women. Consult with your acupuncturist, naturopath, or other health practitioner.

- Vitamins -

Vitamins

A multivitamin is recommended to supplement the nutrients you may not be receiving in your diet. Take a natural multivitamin with chelated minerals. Ensure it is free of additives, colourants, preservatives, and sugar.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

Acupuncture	Lose Excess Body Fat	Multivitamin
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

 

Vaginal Dryness, Irritation, Thinning (also Atrophic Vaginitis)

Vaginal tissue is composed of a number of cell layers where the vaginal mucosa, when in the company of normal estrogen levels, contains cornified, or tough and resilient cells (referred to as "cornified epithelium", or a well estrogenized vaginal mucosa). As estrogen levels decrease in the body during menopause, the outer cornified layers of vaginal tissue are lost, leading to dryness and irritation.

Urinary tract infection and increased urinary frequency may also accompany thinning of the vaginal mucosa and urethral tissues. pH levels may also increase, resulting in a more alkaline environment in the vagina and increasing the risk of bacterial infection. Other women do not experience any symptoms at all

 

 

Remedies

Foods containing phytoestrogens and isoflavones are well known to decrease menopausal symptoms and balance estrogen levels. Phytoestrogens are found in alfalfa, apples, almonds, cashews, celery, corn, fennel, flaxseed, flaxseed oil, oats, parsley, peanuts (not a recommended source), soy, wheat, and whole grains.

- Herbs -

Herbs

Aloe vera gel is helpful when dealing with painful sexual intercourse. Apply a small amount to lubricate the vagina.

Black cohosh, chaste tree berry, dong quai, fo-ti, Siberian ginseng, and wild yam are all herbs that have been traditionally used to treat a variety of menopausal symptoms, including vaginal dryness. These herbs must typically be used for four to six weeks before an improvement is noticed. Preparations are outlined in more detail below.

Black cohosh promotes thickening of the vaginal mucosa. If supplementing, take 200 to 500mg daily. If using in tincture form, take 60 to 80 drops daily.

Chaste tree berry is wonderful in relieving symptoms of menopause. This herb works by acting on the anterior pituitary gland, reducing FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and increasing LSH (luteum-stimulating hormone). Essentially, this stimulates the production of progesterone and reduces estrogen levels. To prepare an infusion, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 teaspoon berries and infuse 15 minutes. Take 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take 15 to 30 drops 3 times daily. NOTE: Chaste tree berry should not be taken alongside any progesterone drugs.

Dandelion leaves promote vaginal lubrication. To prepare an infusion, add ¹/₂oz. dried leaves to 1 cup boiling water. Let steep for 10 minutes. Drink up to 3 cups daily. If supplementing, take 3,000mg daily.

Dong quai is sometimes referred to as the "woman's ginseng" and helps relieve vaginal dryness. To prepare a decoction, bring 4 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer 10 to 15 minutes. You will likely be left with 3 cups of decoction, as 250mL often evaporates during the process. Divide decoction into 3 doses daily. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops 3 times daily.

Fo-ti is considered a whole body tonic used to treat a variety of conditions affecting the kidneys, liver, blood, nervous system, and reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring three cups water and three teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into three doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops of tincture three to four times daily. NOTE: Fo-ti is contraindicated in irritable bowel syndrome.

Gotu kola also relieves vaginal dryness. To prepare an infusion, steep ¹/₂ to 1 tsp. dried herb in 1 cup of hot water for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink up to 2 cups daily. To reduce the bitter flavour, add honey or lemon. If using in supplement form, take 400 to 500mg daily.

Oat straw also promotes vaginal lubrication. Infuse 1 teaspoon herb with 1 cup water for 10 minutes and take 3 times daily as a tonic. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 30 drops three times daily.

Although not a true ginseng, Siberian ginseng has similar properties to the ginseng family. It is used as a nerve tonic and is considered a good adjunct remedy to use during menopause. If supplementing, take 250 to 500mg daily or more, depending on formulation. If using in tincture form, take 10 to 20mL daily. You can make or purchase Siberian ginseng tea, but it is much less effective in this form due to the low concentration of herb. NOTE: Do not take ginseng if you are on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), supplementing with estrogen, or taking corticosteroids. Other forms of ginseng are not recommended for women.

Wild yam is used to treat a variety of problems associated with the female reproductive system. To prepare a decoction, bring 3 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 30 drops of tincture three times daily.

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

Alcohol, antihistamines, caffeine, and diuretics all dry mucous membranes and should be avoided.

Regular sexual intercourse also helps relieve dryness and promotes better vaginal lubrication and elasticity by promoting blood flow to vaginal tissues.

It is important to keep hydrated by drinking plenty of water during the day. Aim for eight glasses daily. If you are not accustomed to drinking this quantity of water, start at four or five glasses and work your way up every other day.

Wear cotton and other natural fibre clothing to allow your skin to breathe and reduce the chance of vaginal infection.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Prepare a paste from aloe vera gel and slippery elm powder. Mix to the consistency of toothpaste and insert into the vagina at night to relieve dryness.

An estradiol (E2) vaginal ring made of silicon can be placed in the vagina like a diaphragm, where it releases small quantities of estradiol over three months. Side effects experienced by some include headache, vaginal irritation, and recurrent vaginal infections.

Estriol (E3) is available as a vaginal cream. Apply 0.5mg twice daily for one week. Follow with once daily for one week, then two to three times weekly.

Natural testosterone given as a vaginal cream helps promote proper vaginal mucosa function. Use 1 to 2mg daily, or every third day.

A number of vaginal estrogen creams are available. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine a cream suitable for your needs.

- Vitamins -

Vitamins

Vitamin E can relieve vaginal itching and is helpful when dealing with painful sexual intercourse. Use a fragrance-free cream or open a capsule and apply the oil.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

Alfalfa (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Almonds (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera / Slippery Elm Paste	Apples (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Avoid Alcohol
Avoid Antihistamines	Avoid Caffeine	Avoid Diuretics
Black Cohosh	Cashews (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Celery (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Chaste Tree Berry	Corn (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Dandelion (Leaves)
Dong Quai	Estradiol Vaginal Ring	Estriol Vaginal Cream
Fennel (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Flaxseed (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Flaxseed Oil (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Fo-Ti	Gotu Kola	Natural Testosterone
Oat Straw	Oats (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Parsley (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Peanuts (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Regular Sexual Intercourse	Siberian Ginseng
Soy (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Vaginal Estrogen Cream	Vitamin E (External)
Wear Cotton Clothing	Wear Natural Fibre Clothing	Wheat (Contain Phytoestrogens)
Whole Grains (Contain Phytoestrogens)	Wild Yam

 

Long Term Concerns

Breast Cancer

While estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) proves beneficial for many women, one of the most common concerns regarding this therapy is that of breast cancer. Some studies point to a direct correlation while others cite additional lifestyle factors such as carbohydrate intake. In any case, there does appear to be a relationship between ERT/HRT use and probability of breast cancer diagnosis. However, there are many factors that further influence this likelihood and all figures are relative to age, number of years on replacement therapy, dietary concerns, et cetera.

A high level of estrogen relative to progesterone greatly increases the probability of abnormal breast tissue growth. In this case, natural progesterone should be prescribed along with ERT to maintain balance.

For more information, see the dedicated section on Breast Cancer.

 

 

Remedies

A wide variety of remedies, full descriptions, dosages, and contraindications can be found in the dedicated section on Breast Cancer. Remedies specifically relating to menopausal situations are outlined below.

- Foods -

Foods

Soy can be used in the same manner as the herbs listed below.

- Herbs -

Herbs

Natural botanicals that balance estrogen levels without the use of synthetic hormones are another viable avenue available. Candidate herbs that positively influence the female hormonal system include black cohosh, chaste tree berry, wild yam, and others. Consult with your herbalist, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the most optimal combination for your needs.

- Lifestyle -

Lifestyle

Alcohol intake should be significantly reduced or avoided in entirety if undergoing ERT. It appears that alcohol greatly affects estrogen levels (particularly estradiol) in the body, raising them by as much as 300 percent.

- Miscellaneous -

Miscellaneous

Progesterone cream helps balance progesterone levels in the body and turns off estrogen receptors in estrogen-sensitive tissue, such as that in the breast and uterine lining. It is believed by a number of medical practitioners that if progesterone were prescribed in this manner, alongside ERT, the cases of breast cancer would markedly fall. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine an optimal dosage for your needs.

- Therapies, Healing Aids, and More -

Therapies, Healing Aids, and More

A number of studies have shown that moderate exercise four hours per week significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer. This is likely due to increased oxygen intake, improved circulation, and sweating out of toxins and free radicals. Regardless, the multiple cascading benefits of light to moderate exercise, particularly for menopausal women, makes for a worthy pursuit. Consult with your personal trainer, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine an appropriate program for your needs.

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

2% Progesterone Cream	Avoid Alcohol Intake	Black Cohosh
Chaste Tree Berry	Exercise	Significantly Reduce Alcohol Intake
Soy	Wild Yam	See Dedicated Section on Breast Cancer

 

Heart Disease

The leading killer among postmenopausal women is heart disease and is believed to directly relate to estrogen deficiency. Additional factors include insulin resistance, high-carbohydrate diet, generally poor diet, greater proportions of body fat, and family history.

For more information, see the dedicated section on Heart (Cardiovascular) Disease.

 

 

Remedies

A wide variety of remedies, full descriptions, dosages, and contraindications can be found in the dedicated section on Heart (Cardiovascular) Disease. Remedies specifically relating to menopausal situations are outlined below.

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is not a guarantee against the prevention of heart disease, as a number of other factors will determine the likelihood of occurrence.

It is known that complementing ERT with progesterone promotes proper blood vessel function and blood flow. Apply one-quarter to one-half teaspoon (25 to 50mg) 2% progesterone cream to the skin once or twice daily. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine an optimal dosage for your needs.

 

 

Actions and Remedy Listings

Complement ERT with Progesterone

See Dedicated Section on Heart Disease

 

See related

Breast Cancer, Headache, Heart Disease, Insomnia, Osteoporosis, Urinary Tract Infection

 

 

See foods

Essential Fatty Acids, Flaxseed, Flaxseed Oil, Soy

 

 

See herbs

Alfalfa, Aloe Vera, Black Cohosh, Celery, Chaste Tree Berry, Damiana, Dandelion, Dong Quai, Fennel, Fo-Ti, Gotu Kola, Oat Straw, Parsley, Siberian Ginseng, Slippery Elm, Wild Yam

 

 

See therapies, healing aids, and more

Acupuncture, Exercise, Healthy Diet

"MY BEST REMEDIES" -- TERMS OF USE

To create link towards this article on your website,
copy and paste the text below in your page.

<style type="text/css"><!--.quote {width:350px; padding: 6px; border: solid 1px #000000; font: 11px helvetica, verdana, sans-serif; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #642020}.quote a {font: 13px arial, serif; color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: underline}.quote a:hover {color: #FF009C; }//--></style><div class="quote"><a href="http://www.mybestremedies.com/ailments_and_situations/l_to_r/menopause-and-related-issues.html" target="_blank">Ailments and Situations - Menopause (and Related Issues)</a><div align="right" style="width:350px"><p style="text-align:right;">© 2012 - <a href="http://www.mybestremedies.com/" target="_blank">MyBestRemedies.com</a></p></div></div>

Preview :

Ailments and Situations - Menopause (and Related Issues)

© 2012 - MyBestRemedies.com

Powered by QuoteThis © 2008