Causes:
As mentioned above, primary dysmenorrhea can be a result of a combination of psychological stressors such as the expectations placed on women, the societal role of women, stresses around adolescence and issues of sexual abuse. Other causes of primary dysmenorrhea are a result of structural anomalies such as a narrowed cervix (which usually diminishes after childbirth) or reduced blood flow to the uterus (ischemia). Also studies have shown that women with cramps have higher levels of prostaglandin hormones, specifically, PGF 2 alpha. This hormone causes the uterus to go into spasm resulting in cramping and subsequent pain.
On the other hand, secondary dysmenorrhea is due to a number of pelvic diseases such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids. Be aware that pelvic pain can also be caused by intra-uterine devices. If your menstrual cramps are increasing in intensity and have not been present from menarche, it is important to rule out a secondary cause. Please see your naturopathic doctor or your gynecologist for a complete pelvic exam.
What to Expect:
As mentioned above, cramping occurs in the lower abdomen and is often worse on the first day of flow. Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue also often occur, as does diarrhea, lower back pain, and headaches in a some individuals.
