Introduction The creation of a child is the most personal, rewarding, experience shared by a woman and man. It is a life altering commitment and satisfies one of the most fundamental, instinctive, goals of all species.
Changes & Weight Gain
The average woman should gain approximately 14 kg (30 lb.) during a typical pregnancy. This amount will vary, however, depending on your pre-pregnancy weight. Your blood volume will increase by 50%, which accounts for approximately 2 kg (4 lb.). Your breasts will enlarge in preparation for breastfeeding and this accounts for another 1½ kg (3 lb.). The placenta, uterus, amniotic fluid, and baby will collectively weigh approximately 6 kg (13 lb.).
Your body will also require additional stores to support the pregnancy and for breastfeeding. This accounts for approximately 2½ to 3½ kg (5 to 8 lb.). The rest of your weight is comprised of extra retained fluid and this amount varies for each individual and each pregnancy.
Nutrition
Malnutrition is very uncommon in the Western world. Poor nutrition is not. Eating a healthy, well-balanced, diet and drinking plenty of water is always important and becomes more so when you are pregnant. The nourishment your growing baby receives is directly dependent on what you take in.
You will generally require 300 more calories a day than usual. You will also require larger quantities of specific vitamins and minerals. The extra calories and nutrients go towards the growth and development of your baby and towards the additional tissues (listed above) required by your body to support your pregnancy.
You will require a healthy intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These nutrients can be obtained in various combinations by choosing appropriate amounts of grains, fruits and vegetables, milk products, and meat and/or alternatives.
Canada's Food Guide suggests five to twelve servings a day of grain products. If you are pregnant, aim for the larger recommendation and not the smaller. This may seem like a large amount, but a Food Guide "serving" is rather small. One serving of grain products is equal to one slice of bread, ¾ cup of hot cereal, 30g of cold cereal, ½ bagel, pita, or bun, or one cup of rice or pasta.
Five to ten servings of fruits and vegetables should be consumed daily. One serving includes one medium-sized vegetable or fruit, ½ cup fresh, frozen, or canned fruit or vegetables, one cup of salad, or a ½ cup of juice.
Pregnant women should also consume three to four servings of milk products. One serving is equal to 1 cup of milk, 50g of cheese, or ¾ cup of yogurt. There are a variety of non-dairy milks (rice, soy, oat, potato, etc.) and milk products available for strict vegetarians or people with sensitivities. As with milk obtained from cows, many non-dairy milk products are now fortified with vitamins A, B2, B12, D, calcium, and zinc. If choosing non-animal sources in this category, consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to see if supplementation with specific nutrients is required. Additional information on this approach is outlined below.
It is recommended that you consume two to three servings daily of meat and alternatives. One serving in this category includes 50 to 100g of meat, fish, or poultry, one to two eggs, 125 to 250g of beans, 100g of tofu, or 2 tbsp. of almond butter.
Protein
Protein is an integral component of virtually every tissue in the body, including enzymes, various molecular components of the immune system, and many bodily catalysts. Protein intake for the average person is 45 to 50g per day. This increases to an average of 60g daily for a pregnant woman. Although protein intake does not have to increase much during the first trimester, it is very important throughout the second and third trimesters. This is the period of time when the baby is growing very rapidly and protein is also required for the tissue growth that supports your pregnancy (as mentioned above).
North American women often do not have to worry about the quantity of protein consumed in the diet. Instead, try to focus on the quality of protein. If you eat meat or dairy products, try to consume products that are from organically-raised, drug-free, free-range animals. Many of these products can be found in your local health food store. If you opt for vegetarian sources, choose fresh, organically grown, produce and grains.
Complete vs. Incomplete
High protein food sources can be placed into one of two categories: complete proteins and incomplete proteins. Complete proteins are foods that contain all eight essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body. Complete protein foods include meat, fish, eggs, milk and milk products. Do not try to obtain all of your daily protein requirements from animal sources. Excess animal protein consumption can lead to a variety of problems including constipation, intestinal putrification, arthritis, gout, cardiovascular diseases, schizophrenia, kidney disease, and cancer.
Incomplete proteins include legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds. Incomplete proteins are deficient in one or two essential amino acids and thus need to be combined with another complementary incomplete protein to ensure the assimilation of all essential amino acids. It is interesting to note that incomplete protein sources are more easily assimilated by the body and require less energy to digest than animal sources of proteins. The following chart outlines various combinations of complementary foods that will provide you with all essential amino acids.
| Beans | with | Rice, corn, seeds, nuts, or wheat. |
| Rice | with | Beans, nuts, seeds, or wheat |
| Grains | with | Legumes or seeds |
| Seeds | with | Grains or legumes |
The above combinations do not have to occur in one meal in order to meet the body's essential amino acid requirements as once thought. In fact, it does not even have to occur in the same day. Your body has stores, or pools, of amino acids from which it draws on when needed. As long as you regularly consume these combinations, and choose a wide variety of foods, your essential amino acid requirements should be fulfilled.
For these reasons, it is very possible for vegetarians, and even vegans, to obtain all essential amino acids required during pregnancy. Vegans, however, should take caution in regards to other nutrients they may not be getting due to the avoidance of meats and milk. If you are vegan, you should supplement with 4mcg of vitamin B12 daily, as well as 1,200mg of calcium and 10mcg of vitamin D per day. Eat kelp or other seaweed and dark leafy greens. Vegetarians or those with sensitivities who consume goat's milk or soy/rice milk instead of cow's milk may require partial supplementation. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to accurately determine the need for supplementation.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are an important source of energy and are protein-sparing (the body will not use protein for fuel, as occurs in starvation). Try to choose the more complex carbohydrates found in grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. Avoid highly refined products that contain simple sugars which cause a sharp rise in blood glucose levels that could be detrimental to your health. Complex carbohydrates are broken down more slowly and are absorbed into the blood stream over a longer period of time.
Fats
Fats are also important in your diet. The goat is to choose vegetarian sources of fat that are beneficial to the body. Try to keep your intake of animal fat to a minimum by choosing leaner cuts of meat, and choosing low-fat milk products. Fish, flaxseed oil, and unrefined, cold-pressed, non-hydrogenated oils are all ideal sources of "good" fats.
Minerals
There are a number of other nutrients essential during pregnancy. Calcium requirements increase during pregnancy to support fetal growth and development and increased calcium metabolism. A pregnant woman requires about 1,200mg of calcium daily.
Calcium is found in a variety of foods. Vegetable sources include green leafy vegetables such as kale, collard greens, mustard greens, spinach and turnip greens. It is also found in broccoli, cabbage, carrots, tofu, soy beans, almonds, brazil nuts, oats, and molasses. Fruits such as apples, oranges, runes and raisins also contain calcium. Animal sources include milk, yogurt, whey, and the bones of fish.
Your iron requirements double to 30mg daily to support your increase in blood volume and accommodate iron stored in your baby's liver. Good sources of iron include liver, red meat, egg yolks, oysters, clams, green leafy vegetables, almonds, avocados, dates, beans, lentils, peaches and pears. Kelp, in particular, provides 100mg iron per 100g serving.
Note that there is some discrepancy as to the consumption of liver during pregnancy. Some sources suggest that pregnant women avoid eating liver during pregnancy due to its high vitamin A content, while other sources cite liver as an excellent source of iron with no mention of any potential problem. It is best to discuss this iron source with your naturopath or other health practitioner.
Vitamins
Folic acid is important for proper fetal development. Folic acid deficiencies during pregnancy have been linked with an increased risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Folic acid can be found in avocados, bananas, brown rice, cheddar cheese, chicken, dates, egg yolks, fish (all kinds except cod and halibut), giblets, leafy green vegetables, nuts and seeds, oranges, wheat germ, and whole wheat. Be sure to have at least one serving daily of to obtain your requirements for folic acid. You may also supplement, with dosages starting at 400mcg for pregnant women.
Vitamin C is required for optimal iron absorption as well as maintaining blood vessel wall integrity and various cells of the immune system. Eat at least two servings of apples, asparagus, beets, all berries, broccoli, cantaloupe, cabbage, citrus fruits, green vegetables, green peas, green peppers, kiwi, melons, papayas, peaches, pears, peppers, potatoes, red cabbage, red pepper, strawberries, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes, all of which contain vitamin C in various quantities.
Related Problems
Pregnancy brings with it a variety of new experiences and potential hurdles for the soon-to-be mom. Typical problems are outlined below.
Abdominal Pain
There are a variety of reasons for abdominal pain during pregnancy. Some of the more serious reasons will require you to contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible.
Intense or chronic pain in the abdomen can mean different things depending on your stage of pregnancy. If you are in your first trimester, this could be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized ovum has implanted in an area other than the uterus. It may also be a sign of a miscarriage.
A constant, painful firmness of the abdomen may indicate placental abruption, where the placenta has separated from the uterine lining. This may occur with or without bleeding.
Cramping or contractions that consistently come and go could indicate the beginning of labour. NOTE: Contractions known as "Braxton-Hicks" contractions are a type of contraction frequently referred to as "false labour". For more information, see Braxton-Hicks Contractions.
If you experience any of the above symptoms, DO NOT self-treat. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner immediately.
Anemia
Anemia during pregnancy often occurs as your body cannot keep up with the demand for new red blood cells. This is generally due to a nutritional deficiency, but can be caused by other factors.
Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Anemia can result in less oxygen being delivered to your baby in utero, or your baby may not have adequate iron stores during the first few months of life. Being anemic during the time of delivery can increase your risk of going into shock due to excessive blood loss associated with delivery.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Anemia.
Anxiety Associated With Change
Pregnancy is a life-altering experience that many women may be ready for while others will be caught off-guard. Women commonly experience varying degrees of emotional turbulence during pregnancy due to a combination of hormonal shifts and life changes. A certain level of anxiety may be present at the beginning of the pregnancy as many women emotionally come to terms with this phase in their life. Some women are fearful of the pain of childbirth. Others are anxious about the baby having a birth defect or of their husband or partner leaving them. Emotional and psychological equilibrium are very significant factors in determining the length or difficulty of labour or any significant complications that may occur.
Symptoms include overreaction to different situations, crying for no apparent reason, obsessive/compulsive behaviour, lack of interest in life or in the baby, not sleeping enough or sleeping too much, over- or undereating, and thought or attempts of suicide.
If you are not certain if your problem is severe or minor, consult with your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the most appropriate course of treatment. If your condition is severe, your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner will probably suggest counseling.
Remedies
Bach Flower Remedies
Bach Flower Remedies can be used to gently ease emotional distress and each remedy relates to a specific emotional state. To prepare a remedy, see Preparing A Treatment under the Bach Flower Remedy Introduction.
Walnut: For those who find it difficult coping with change. Person is looking forward to the new prospects of life but is unsure if the decision made was the right one. They may be doubtful due to outside pressures or family ties. Walnut helps people deal with inevitable life changes until they gradually fit into their new role.
Herbs
Chamomile has a calming, relaxing, sedative effect on the body. To prepare an infusion, add 2 teaspoons dried herb to one cup hot water. Drink three times daily. To prepare an inhalation, add 125mL of flowers to 2 litres boiling water. Cover head with a towel and inhale steam. Alternatively, use 2 to 3 drops essential oil in warm water. Essential oil is deep blue in colour due to the azulenes it contains. If using in tincture form, take 40 to 80 drops three times daily.
Kava kava reduces daily anxiety and tension and is not physically addictive. It is widely prescribed in Germany as a remedy for both stress and insomnia. When used as a sedative, this herb does not cause a post-sleep "hangover" typical of many over the counter sleep aids. In addition, it does not interfere with REM sleep. If supplementing, take up to 300mg daily of kavalactones, divided into several doses. DO NOT exceed this dosage. Taking 120 to 200mg 30 to 60 minutes before bed can make you drowsy and ready for sleep. If used to treat anxiety disorder, take 180 to 240mg daily, divided into several doses. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 60 drops daily. You can prepare or purchase Kava kava tea, but it is much less effective in this form due to the low concentration of herb. The warmth of a hot liquid, however, is in itself an overall relaxant...
Squawvine is often used as a general pregnancy herb. This plant helps tone the uterus, strengthens the nerves, circulation, promotes a healthy fetus, and helps prepare one's self for experiencing pregnancy. To prepare an infusion, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 tsp. herb and infuse 10 minutes. Take 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 40 drops 3 times daily or as otherwise stated.
Wild oat may also prove helpful. If using in tincture form, take 1/2 teaspoon extract in hot water. If supplementing, take 1 capsule every 2 to 3 hours.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Aconite: Woman feels great fear and anxiety, fear of death and of the future, restlessness. Music makes her sad. She has a vivid imagination. Symptoms are worse at night.
Arsenicum album: Woman feels anguish and restlessness, fear of death and of being left alone, changes place constantly, sensitive to disorder and confusion.
Pulsatilla: Woman is very emotional, weepy, timid, fear of being left alone in the dark, easily discouraged, quick mood changes, likes sympathy.
Phosphorus: Low spirits, fear, tendency to be startled, oversensitive, dread of death when alone.
Cimicifuga: Depression, dreams of impending evil, fears riding in closed car, incessant talking, agitated.
Calcarea carbonica: Woman fears loss of reason, misfortune, contagious disease, anxiety with heart palpitations, with aversion to work.
Lifestyle
Avoid sugar and refined foods.
Add more protein to your diet.
Get plenty of rest.
Find a hobby or activity that you really enjoy to keep yourself preoccupied.
Many women are very aroused throughout pregnancy because of their hormonal changes and warm feelings towards their partners. You should make time for sensual and sexual pleasure. Often, being touched and held can reduce the fears and anxieties, while restoring your sense of self. If you feel uncomfortable with penetrative sex, you can take this opportunity to explore new options with your partner.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Exercise will result in increased oxygen availability to the brain, promoting proper function and stimulating the production of mood-boosing endorphins.
Yoga or Tai Chi are excellent movement techniques that promote harmony of body, mind, and spirit.
Vitamins
B-50 Complex will provide your nervous system with the necessary nutrients to function correctly. Take one 50mg capsule once or twice daily. Do not take more than 50mg at one time as your body cannot absorb a larger amount in a single dosage.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Back Pain
Many women develop back pain during pregnancy. As the baby grows, your internal organs are displaced, ligaments loosen, and your centre of gravity changes, all of which can put added strain on your lower spine.
Pressure exerted on your kidneys by the growing baby and your weight gain alone can also cause back pain. Often, women try to compensate for the weight of the abdomen by walking or sitting in awkward positions that may add even more stress to the lower spine and muscles in the area.
For more information on causes and physiology, see the dedicated section on Backache.
Remedies
Herbs
St. John's Wort oil or a cream containing St. John's Wort oil may be massaged into the painful area to provide relief. NOTE: St. John's Wort can make your skin hypersensitive to sunlight.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Aesculus: Muscle weakness with dull pain, lower back "gives out". Person feels tired and weak, pain worsens with walking or bending over, hands and feet swell.
Cimicifuga: Neck pain, upper spine in sensitive, stiff neck and back, muscles sore.
Kali carbonica: Weakness, exhaustion, sharp neuralgic pain from top of back to tailbone. Back and legs give out, pain from tops of knees, soles of feet sensitive, sharp stitch-like pain. Person feels chilly and small of back feels weak.
Lycopodium: Burning pain between shoulder blades, pain from right to left, cannot lie on painful side, sciatica on right side, low back pain feels better from warmth.
Nux vomica: Tearing, constricting pain, sits up to turn over due to pain, burning in spine, sudden loss of power in legs and arms in morning, chilly.
Rhus toxicodendron: Left side pain, restless in any position, stiffness in small of back, thirsty, cold, better with motion of lying on something hard, worse with sitting.
Lifestyle
Place a heating pad or hot water bottle over the sore area of your back. You may also sit in a warm bath or take a warm shower with the stream of water directed on the painful area. If heat seems to make it worse, you may have strained the muscles of your back. In this case, use ice or cold packs for the first couple of days and consult with your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the most appropriate course of action.
Take note of your body mechanics and posture. When lifting items, bend at the knees and do not twist while lifting. In the later stages of pregnancy, avoid lifting things altogether. Try to sit in firm chairs and support your lumbar spine with a pillow. When standing, do not over extend your back to make up for the added weight of the baby. Special belt-like supports are also available that help hold some of the weight of the baby, easing the strain on your back.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure can help relieve lower back pain.
Many women find relief with chiropractic or osteopathic treatment. When looking for a chiropractor or osteopath, be sure that s/he is trained in pregnancy care.
Exercise helps maintain healthy joints and muscles. Specific exercises for your back include the "pelvic tilt" and "pelvic rocking".
Pelvic Tilt
Start by getting down on your hands and knees. Be sure your back is straight and look straight ahead. Arch your back (like a cat stretching), stick your chest out, and bring your chest down to touch the floor while keeping your buttocks up in the air. Next, bring your buttocks down to rest on your feet. Follow by bringing your buttocks back up into the air. Make a circle with your buttocks, clockwise first, then counterclockwise. Then bring your buttocks back down onto your feet. Repeat this sequence 10 times. Perform these exercises three times daily.
Hydrotherapy may also provide muscle relief.
Massage therapy is also beneficial. Regular visits to a massage therapist can minimize the discomfort. Again, as with chiropractors and osteopaths, choose a therapist that has had special training for pregnancy care.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Bleeding (Vaginal)
Several reasons exist for bleeding during pregnancy. You may bleed during the first few weeks after conception, even before you know you are pregnant and you may also experience spotting of light-coloured blood a few days before you expect your period. This is likely due to implantation bleeding, which occurs when the blood supply from your uterine lining extends into the fertilized egg to provide nourishment.
You might bleed a few weeks later if your progesterone level drops somewhat. At the beginning of a pregnancy, progesterone levels increase dramatically, causing the uterine lining to thicken and support the embryo. If you have low progesterone levels, you may bleed as some of the tissue begins to slough. When the placenta is developed, this bleeding stops (usually by the end of the first trimester). If your progesterone levels fall too low, you would miscarry.
In either of the above cases, you should see your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to ensure the bleeding is not serious. He or she may suggest bed-rest until the bleeding has stopped.
Bleeding can also be a sign of a cervical infection. If this is the case, you should seek treatment as some cervical infections can cause premature labour or can infect your fetus. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner for treatment.
Other types of bleeding during pregnancy often indicate that something is wrong. In the first or second trimester, bleeding can be an early sign of a miscarriage. In the second or third trimester, bleeding may be due to placental abruption, whereby part or all of the placenta detaches from the uterus.
Bleeding could also be due to placental previa, which occurs in one out of two hundred pregnancies. Placental previa is a condition where the placenta has implanted partly or completely over the cervix. Symptoms include intermittent vaginal bleeding with no pain that occurs after the seventh month of pregnancy.
Whatever the cause of bleeding, it is important to contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible to rule out any grave circumstances. If you are Rh-negative, it is imperative for you to see your naturopath or other health practitioner any time you are bleeding throughout your pregnancy for an RhoGAM shot.
Bleeding Gums
Often, pregnant women find their gums bleed easily when brushing their teeth or flossing. This can be due the increased blood supply and tissue fragility that typically accompanies pregnancy. For some women, however, bleeding gums may be caused by a nutritional deficiency or other dental problem.
See the dedicated section on Periodontal Disease for more information regarding gum care and potential problems.
Remedies
Lifestyle
Continue to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing two or three times daily and flossing once daily. You should also see your dentist for a thorough evaluation.
Vitamins
Supplement with 500 mg vitamin C twice daily, in addition to your prenatal vitamin, if taking one.
Actions and Remedy Listings
| Maintain Good Oral Hygiene | Visit Your Dentist | Vitamin C |
Bloating
See Indigestion, below.
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Braxton Hicks contractions are normal and help your body.
This type of contraction occurs throughout pregnancy and help increase efficiency of blood flow in the uterus and to your baby. At the end of pregnancy, they help to "ripen" or soften the cervix and prepare your uterus for effective labour.
Braxton Hicks contractions are often not noticeable until the end of pregnancy and are commonly mistaken for the beginning of labour. Women that have had more than one child tend to feel The contractions more than first-time mothers.
The contractions feel like strong muscle cramps or tightness. Some women can cope with them while others feel uncomfortable or anxious as they do not know if this is the onset of labour or just false labour. It is also important to note that Braxton Hicks contractions feel stronger during orgasm.
If your contractions increase over time, or are continuous, contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to ensure you are not experiencing premature labour. This may require immediate attention depending on how far along you are in the pregnancy.
Remedies
Herbs
Cramp bark is an excellent herb for treating any type of cramping. It is a great muscle relaxant and sedates the nervous system. Cramp bark's cousin, black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) can be substituted and is a little more powerful and more specific to the uterus. To prepare an infusion, bring 31/2 teaspoons bark and 3 cups water to a boil. Simmer for 10 minutes, cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, a few drops of the tincture of cramp bark or black haw can be added to a pregnant woman's raspberry or chamomile tea to help prevent miscarriage.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Caulophylum: Spasmodic pains. Person feels tired and fretful.
Chamomilla: Spasmodic pains that worsen with heat and at night. Pain is unbearable.
Cimicifuga: Crampy pain, worse with cold and in morning.
Lifestyle
Changing activity during the contractions may help alleviate the pain. If you are moving about, sit and relax; if you are sleeping, get up and move around.
A warm bath may prove helpful
Often, avoiding too much work and stress, and getting enough rest can also alleviate the pain.
Minerals
Calcium is involved in proper muscle contraction and relaxation and helps prevent muscle cramping. Take 1,000mg calcium daily, on top of your daily prenatal supplement, if taking one.
Magnesium helps relax muscles and aids in calcium absorption. Take 500mg daily, on top of your daily prenatal supplement, if taking one.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Many women find relief with acupressure.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Breast Fullness / Tenderness
Breast fullness and tenderness is quite common in the early stages of pregnancy. It is often mistaken for usual breast tenderness that precedes a woman's period before the pregnancy is confirmed. Fullness and tension is often more noticeable during a first pregnancy than with subsequent ones and subsides by the second trimester.
Symptoms include tenderness or pain of the breast, nipple, and areola. Some women experience a feeling of warmth in their breasts.
Remedies
Herbs
Some women find relief with a comfrey poultice applied to their breasts. A poultice can be made using either fresh or dried herbs. Fresh herbs can be bruised and applied directly to the skin. Dried herbs must be made into a paste first using either hot water or apple cider vinegar. This can either be applied directly to the skin, placed in a disposable infusion bag, or wrapped in a piece of cheesecloth, then applied to the breasts. The beneficial effects will be enhanced by keeping the poultice warm. Keep the poultice in place by using a strip of cotton and wrap with plastic or waxed paper and place a hot water bottle on top. Poultices can usually be left in place for several hours or overnight.
Others find relief by massaging elder flower oil on their breasts.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For dosages, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Belladonna: Breasts are red, hot, swollen, and very painful to the touch. This remedy helps release tension.
Bryonia: Breasts are heavy, hot, pale, and there is prickling pain. Symptoms made better when applying pressure and made worse with motion.
Conium maculatum: Breasts are hard and painful to the touch, with a stitching pain in the nipples. Symptoms made better with pressure.
Lifestyle
Your breasts will enlarge throughout your pregnancy, so choose a larger or more supportive bra to accommodate the growth.
A cold pack on the breasts may help relieve tenderness. Do not leave a pack on for more than ten minutes or past the point where the breasts feel numb, whichever comes first.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Breech Babies
A breech baby is one that is oriented feet- or bottom-first in the uterus instead of head-first and there are a variety of reasons this occurs. If the umbilical cord is very short, the baby may not have room in any other position. If you have an ovarian tumour, a small pelvis, or placental previa (whereby the placenta is very low in the uterus) the baby may be in breech to accommodate this.
Having a breech baby does not necessarily mean you will need a cesarean section. This will depend on the type of presentation of the breech and the experience of your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner. In addition, some babies turn all by themselves during the labour.
The most important thing is to stay positive.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Pulsatilla: Take one 30C dose twice daily.
Lifestyle
Midwifes are often highly experienced in turning breech babies and/or will direct you to the most appropriate form of action, if any. More information follows at the end of this section.
You can visit a licensed acupuncturist for moxibustion treatments. Moxa is an herb that is burned over the appropriate acupoint, in this case, a point on the outer edge of your little toe. One study done simultaneously in China and Italy showed that moxibustion treatments for thirty daily greatly increased cephalic presentation at birth (the baby's head in the appropriate position). The women in the study were at approximately thirty three weeks into their pregnancy when the study began.
Here are a couple of exercises you can do for the remainder of the pregnancy to encourage the baby to move downward. The first is called a cat stretch. Begin on all fours and slowly allow your head and chest to stretch flat on the floor while you keep your bottom up in the air. Then, round your spine (like a cat when it is frightened) and slowly return to the beginning position. Do this twenty times.
The second exercise is a squat. Stand in front of a heavy, stable piece of furniture or bar and hold onto it. With your feet flat on the floor and turned out, gently and slowly squat down, pressing your knees apart with your elbows, keeping your back straight, and looking straight ahead. Hold for 10 seconds while relaxing your perineal and thigh muscles. Then slowly raise yourself to a standing position. If you find it too difficult to come back up, you can place a well padded mat or some pillows behind you and gently ease yourself back into them. Do 10 squats three times daily.
The baby can also be turned manually, but this needs to be done by an experienced practitioner. Ultrasound is undertaken before and after the procedure, and the baby's heart tones must be monitored. Your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner will place both hands on your abdomen and gently "lift" the baby out of the pelvis and help it to do a somersault. The first attempt is often done around 33 or 34 weeks into pregnancy. If the baby turns back, a second attempt can be made a couple of weeks later.
One source suggests lying on a slant board with your hips higher than your head twice a day for fifteen minutes.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Colds and Flu
The common cold can be a nuisance during pregnancy. Influenza is more serious, especially in the third trimester, as there is a greater risk of complications of influenza-like pneumonia or encephalitis.
Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, aching body, fever, chills, and general malaise.
Do not attempt to self treat if your fever is over 39°C (102°F), your cough is productive with yellow-green mucous, or you have difficulty breathing, pain in your chest, a severe headache, feel disoriented or confused, or feel unable to stay awake. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Common Cold. See also Fever, Influenza.
Remedies
Aromatherapy
Eucalyptus oil can be used to open clogged airways. Add 2 to 3 drops essential oil to a bowl of steaming water. Place your head over the bowl and inhale the vapour. Close your eyes to avoid irritation. This method is not recommended if you have asthma or any other serious respiratory conditions.
Foods
Keep hydrated and drink plenty of soup, broth, and juice.
Eat easily digestible foods.
If milk products seem to cause congestion or increase phlegm production, reduce consumption for a couple of days as long as you supplement with additional calcium -- 1,200mg daily in divided doses instead of four glasses of milk.
Herbs
Echinacea can also be used to stimulate the immune system. Due to its specific immune system stimulating properties, do not use echinacea over the long term. This will only confuse your immune system into action and thus weaken its ability to fight an actual infection. If using a tincture, take 20 to 40 drops in a glass of water three times daily. If using a supplement, take 300mg powdered extract three times daily. If preparing a tea/decoction, bring 2 teaspoons echinacea root and 1 cup of water to a boil. Simmer 15 minutes. Drink up to 3 cups a day. The taste may be initially sweet, then bitter. Do not give to children under 2 years of age. Older children and those over 65 should start with a low strength preparation and increase as required.
Garlic has antibacterial and antiviral properties as a result of its incredibly complex molecular structure. Allicin is considered the active ingredient in garlic. You can increase the content of allicin in garlic by crushing the buds and leaving them out for five minutes or more. The oxygen in the air facilitates the conversion of alliin to allicin. Take at least two cloves daily. If supplementing, take 400 to 500mg up to three times daily.
To help relieve a cough, take 1/2 to 1 tsp mullein tincture or glycerin every 2 to 3 hours.
To relieve a cough and sore throat, take one lozenge of slippery elm every 2 hours.
Avoid herbal tea mixtures for cold and flu as they may contain herbs that are contraindicated during pregnancy. The herbs mentioned above can be taken in tea form and used for steaming as well.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Aconite: Acute, sudden onset, brought on by cold, dry weather. Person is restless and fearful, with a bursting headache, stopped up nose, dry cough, and cold sweat. Symptoms made worse at night.
Belladonna: Rapid onset of symptoms which include delirium, fever, hot red face, throbbing headache, earache, runny nose, sore throat, tickling dry cough, with hoarse or no voice.
Bryonia: Person is irritable, with bursting headache, dry mucous membranes, runny nose, aching forehead, thirsty, and dry hacking cough with stitching pain in chest. Symptoms made worse with motion and made better with rest and pressure.
Eupatorium: Throbbing headache, sore eyes, runny nose, sneezing, sore chest, cough, hoarse voice, muscle and bone soreness, fever with chills, and thirst.
Gelsemium: Person is dizzy, drowsy, trembling, has muscular weakness, is apathetic, has a dull headache with heavy eyelids, sneezing, watery nasal discharge, flushed face, throat pain that extends to ear, dry cough, shaking with fever, no thirst.
Pulsatilla: Weepy, changeable symptoms that include frontal headaches, thick yellow or green nasal discharge, earache, dry cough in evening and night, loose cough in morning with lots of mucous, chills (but cannot tolerate external heat) and no thirst. Symptoms improve in open air.
Flu-solution or Oscillococcinum: To prevent flu or at the onset of symptoms.
Lifestyle
Apply a hot towel to your chest to help relieve a cough.
The flu can be a greater risk during pregnancy, so prevention is key. If you do come down with the flu, get plenty of rest and drink plenty of fluids. Avoid over the counter preparations, especially if they contain antihistamines, as they may make you dizzy and prone to falling.
Minerals
Zinc can shorten the length a cold. Take an additional 15mg of zinc daily above what is in your prenatal vitamin, if taking one. You may also suck on zinc gluconate lozenges.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure can be beneficial for congested sinuses among other symptoms.
Vitamins
Take 250mg vitamin C 4 to 6 times daily on top of your prenatal vitamin, if taking one. Do not exceed 4,000 mg of vitamin C daily.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Constipation
Women often experience constipation during pregnancy, generally due to the effect of progesterone on the digestive tract. And as your baby grows, your intestines are increasingly displaced and compressed by your uterus, making it more difficult for waste pass through your system to be excreted. Constipation can also result from stress or dietary changes and can be complicated by the use of inorganic iron supplements often taken for anemia.
Remedies
DO NOT USE over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives during pregnancy unless advised to do so by your health care practitioner.
Herbs
Yellow dock acts as a mild laxative and also provides extra iron. Take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of tincture 2 to 3 times daily.
Take 1 to 3 teaspoons of psyllium seed mixed in 8 ounces of water twice daily. Follow with another glass of water. It is important to keep well hydrated while using psyllium seed.
Dandelion root is also beneficial. To prepare a decoction, gently boil 2 to 3 teaspoons powdered root per cup of water for 15 minutes. Let cool. Drink up to 3 cups daily. If using in tincture form, take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of tincture 2 to 3 times daily.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Collinsonia: Dry stool, protruding hemorrhoids, and itching anus.
Lycopodium: Hard, small stool that is difficult to pass and painful hemorrhoids.
Nux vomica: Ineffectual urge to defecate and person feels as if they still have stool to pass. Itching hemorrhoids.
Sepia: Large, hard stools, feeling of a ball in the rectum, and pains shooting upward into the rectum.
Lifestyle
Increase your intake of liquids, especially water, soup and juices.
Eat high fibre foods such as raw or dried fruits, fresh greens and other vegetables, whole grains, and bran or bran cereal. Gradually incorporate these foods into your diet to allow your intestines time to adjust, or you may over-stimulate your bowels and cause uterine contractions.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure can help relieve constipation.
Mild exercises such as yoga, tai chi, or brisk walking or swimming can help increase intestinal activity.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Contractions (Braxton Hicks)
See Braxton Hicks Contractions, above.
Dental Problems
Some women experience tooth or gum pain or sensitivity during pregnancy. As your body chemistry changes, teeth can become more loose or soft. Visit your dentist if you experience any dental problems and mention that you are pregnant before treatment begins.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Take one dose of Arnica 30C before and after dental work.
Lifestyle
Avoid hard foods or temperature extremes. If you find chewing difficult, puree your food, drink rice/soy/cow's milk shakes with added soft fruit, and eat creamed soups or cottage cheese with added vegetables.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure can be useful to relieve tooth aches or sore points in the mouth.
Actions and Remedy Listings
| Acupressure | Arnica | Avoid Extremes of Temperature |
| Avoid Hard Food | Cottage Cheese With Added Vegetables | Creamed Soup With Added Vegetables |
| Pureed Food | Rice/Soy/Cow's Milk Shakes With Added Soft Fruit | |
Depression/Moodiness
It is common for women to feel moody or "depressed" during the first three months of pregnancy. This is often due to the rapid changes in body chemistry as well as physical and emotional changes that accompany a pregnancy. Your feelings of helplessness or of being overwhelmed often pass after the first trimester. If these feelings become worse and continue past this point, they may be classified as depression.
Symptoms of less severe depression include feeling tired and "down", lack of interest in work or hobbies, low libido, and unexplained crying. More severe symptoms may include a lack of interest in the baby and in life in general, excessive crying, sleeping too much or too little, over- or undereating, substance abuse, the inability to be positive about anything, and thoughts of or attempts at suicide.
If you feel that you cannot lift your spirits or that you may do something harmful to yourself or your baby, SEEK IMMEDIATE HELP from your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner, counselor, therapist, or psychologist, or contact your local hospital for a referral.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Depression.
See also
Anxiety Associated with Change.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose 1 to 3 times daily, as required.
Arsenicum album: Person feels anxiety, guilt and hopelessness.
Ignatia: Person feels nervous with sighing and sobbing, feels sad even after grieving, is restless, anxious, and fearful.
Natrum muriaticum: Person feels depressed, irritable, and wants to be alone to cry. Effects of grief and anger made worse when consoled.
Pulsatilla: Person feels weepy and changeable, desires sympathy, is irritable, jealous, suspicious, and has an aversion to smoke.
Sepia: Person is irritable, very sad, weepy, and indifferent to loved ones and work. Symptoms improve with exercise.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure helps some people cope with depression.
Exercise stimulates the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters called endorphins in the brain. Start your day with any form of exercise or join a class to get you out of the house and seeing other people. Many community centres and hospitals offer pregnancy exercise classes.
Meditation is a great way to focus on your body, mind, and spirit. It can help you relax and put everything into perspective. There are many books and classes that are available to help you find the most comfortable way to meditate.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Dizziness
Dizziness can be a symptom of many different physiological effects. You may have low blood pressure, you may be anemic, or you may just be undernourished and need a snack. It may also be a sign of preeclampsia (see Toxemia for more information).
Symptoms include feeling faint, seeing spots, feelings that the room is spinning, rapid pulse, and blacking out.
Remedies
If eating a snack or getting up more slowly does not relieve symptoms, contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the most appropriate course of action.
Ectopic Pregnancy
This type of pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, instead of inside. An ectopic pregnancy is usually implanted in the fallopian tube.
Symptoms include sudden, severe abdominal pain early in the pregnancy. There may or may not be bleeding. Some women also feel faint.
If you are suffering from these symptoms contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible. This type of pregnancy will require surgery to terminate it.
Edema and Swelling
By the third trimester, many women experience some degree of swelling or edema, particularly in their extremities. This is primarily due to high progesterone levels causing your body tissues to retain more fluids.
Swelling is also caused by the pressure exerted by your uterus and baby on blood vessels, especially veins, making it harder for blood to return to your heart. Your veins will then dilate in order to try and move more blood back to your heart, causing swelling of your feet, ankles, and legs. Swelling is often more pronounced when you are hot or have been standing for some time.
Toxemia, also known as preeclampsia, has similar symptoms, but are more severe and occur more rapidly. For more information, see the section on Toxemia. Have your blood pressure and urine checked by your naturopath or other health practitioner if you have any symptoms of edema or toxemia.
Symptoms of edema include sudden puffiness of the hands, feet, and/or lower legs.
Remedies
DO NOT use any kind of diuretic, herbal or pharmaceutical as they deplete blood flow to the uterus and thus your baby.
Lifestyle
Often, swelling can be treated by lying down or elevating the swollen extremities to at least the level of the heart. When lying down, do not lie flat on your back, rather inclined to one side, as the pressure of the baby when on your back can put pressure on the larger veins that return blood to the heart.
Visit a local pool. Submersing yourself underwater will help the fluid in your tissues to be reabsorbed back into the blood vessels.
Salt your food to taste. Salt content in your tissues does not cause them to swell.
Drink eight glasses of water daily. If you are not accustomed to drinking this quantity of water, start with four or five glasses daily and work your way up.
Minerals
Eat foods that are high in potassium such as beets, bananas, tomatoes, et cetera.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Fever
A fever is part of the body's defense against infection. A fever over 37.8°C (100°F) means you are fighting an infection. If your fever rises above 38.9°C (102°F), or if it lasts longer than 24 hours, contact you midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner for assistance.
As a fever is a response to infection, it is best to treat the infection to relieve the fever. For more information, see the dedicated section on Fever.
Flatulence
Digestion is often slowed down during pregnancy due to the action of progesterone on the digestive tract and can lead to a feeling of gas.
Symptoms include gas pains, a need to expel gas, and a feeling of fullness in the bowels.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Flatulence.
Remedies
DO NOT use Beano or other such remedies if you are allergic to penicillin. These products are related to the penicillin bacterium.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C 1 to 3 times daily, as required.
Calcarea carbonica: Distended abdomen, sensitive to pressure. Person cannot bear tight clothes around waist. Sour belching.
Carbo vegetabilis: Belching and sour bile coming up from stomach. Pain and cramping from gas. Belching brings temporary relief.
China: Abdominal pain made better when bent over. Belching brings no relief. Symptoms made worse at the slightest touch and after eating.
Lycopodium: Burning throat from bile, noisy rumbling in stomach, inability to pass gas that causes pain, abdomen feels bloated and full.
Nux vomica: Difficulty belching. Person is irritable, colicky, stomach area sensitive to pressure, with bloating several hours after eating.
Lifestyle
Try eating six smaller meals throughout the day rather than three large. Avoid talking while eating as this can cause you to swallow air and create pockets of air in the intestines.
Reduce your intake of gassy foods including beans, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, garlic, onion, and fried foods.
If you are eating more legumes than usual, you can reduce some of the gas they cause by cooking them properly. Soak beans overnight, cook in fresh water, and rinse in cold water after cooking. Eat small amounts of legumes at the beginning and slowly work your way up to larger portions as your digestive system becomes accustomed to these foods. Some say that freezing beans after soaking them seems to work, although no one seems to know why. You can also try adding some ginger, cardamom, or fennel to your recipe to reduce gas.
Try changing you food combinations. Eat foods high in starch (pasta, rice, potatoes, et cetera) with foods low in starch (broccoli, peas, green beans, et cetera). Complement high-protein foods with non-starchy vegetables, as this combination makes it easier to digest the protein. Do not combine high-protein foods with high-starch foods and do not combine fruit with either high-protein or high-starch foods.
Cook with unrefined, cold-pressed oils (olive, safflower, canola, et cetera).
Actions and Remedy Listings
Food Cravings and Aversions
Fluctuating hormones are implicated in the food cravings and aversions some women experience during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. This may be a sort of protective device to crave the foods we need and avoid the foods that may be harmful to the baby. Some women find that they are unable to even smell, let alone eat, foods that were once favorites. About 1/3 of women have cravings for odd food combinations like pickles and ice cream.
Some vegetarian women find they crave red meat, probably due to their increased protein and iron needs. Some women also crave high-fat or high-sugar foods. Try not to indulge this craving too often as it can lead to excessive weight gain and possibly gestational diabetes.
Occasionally the body becomes chemically unbalanced and strange cravings result. It is unclear why, but cravings for ice, chalk, or dirt can by a symptom of anemia. If this occurs, see your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine whether or not you are anemic.
Forgetfulness
Forgetfulness is quite common during pregnancy. It is easy to be distracted by thoughts of your baby or of how life will change. The situation could be hormonal, mental, emotional, or a combination of the three.
Symptoms include forgetting names, places and appointments, among other things.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose 1 to 3 times daily, as required.
Anacardium: Impaired memory and absentmindedness.
Calcarea carbonica: Person is forgetful and confused.
Lac caninum: Person is very forgetful and makes mistakes when writing.
Lycopodium: Weak memory, incorrect spelling, or writing wrong words.
Sulphur: Person is very forgetful and has difficulty thinking.
Lifestyle
You can maintain constant blood sugar levels eating or snacking often.
Try not to do too much, especially all at once. Prioritize your activities and make lists to help you remember things.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure is known to alleviate some symptoms associated with forgetfulness.
Meditation can help calm your body and spirit and keep your mind clear.
Studies show that a vegetarian diet can help keep your mind clear if it is low in toxins. Try eliminating or cutting down on red and white meat and shellfish. If this seems to improve symptoms over the course of two weeks, continue the program. However, be sure to obtain enough protein from other sources.
Vitamins
Vitamin B-complex is beneficial for mental acuity. Take an extra 25 to 50mg of vitamin B-complex on top of your prenatal vitamin if taking one.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Frequent Urination
As your pregnancy develops, your uterus expands and places more and more pressure on your bladder, leaving less room for your bladder to fill. Urine volume also increases throughout your pregnancy as you are excreting for two. Later in the pregnancy, especially during the third trimester when the baby is putting pressure directly on your bladder, you may feel like your bladder has not emptied completely, even if you have just finished urinating.
There is not much you can do about the frequency. You can think of getting up at night to urinate as preparation for getting up at night to tend to your newborn.
If your urine is clear in colour, there should be no problem. If your urine is dark, heavy, and has a strong odour, you may have an infection. If this is the case, see your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the cause.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose 1to 3 times daily, as required.
Kali carbonica: Person gets up several times at night, pressure on the bladder, and incontinence when coughing or sneezing.
Pulsatilla: Increased desire to urinate that gets worse when lying down.
Sulphur: Frequent urination, especially at night, and a sudden and urgent need to urinate.
Lifestyle
Drink plenty of water, cranberry juice, cherry juice, and herbal teas to flush your system and help prevent urinary tract infections.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Kegel exercises will help strengthen pelvic floor muscles, which can help alleviate incontinence. These exercises can be performed pretty much anywhere. Performed during sex they can be quite stimulating for your partner. Relax the muscles of your vagina/perineal area as though you are urinating, then tighten these muscles as though you are stopping the stream of urine. Do at least 10 exercises 3 times daily, varying the speed and length of muscle contraction .
Actions and Remedy Listings
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition of elevated blood sugar brought on by pregnancy and is a cause of concern for both mother and child. All pregnant women are screened for GDM by their naturopath or other health practitioner. Women most at risk include those with a family history of diabetes, obesity, large babies, frequent urinary tract infections, or sugar in the urine. It is very important to seek treatment as soon as possible if you do acquire GDM, for not only can this condition lead to serious complications during pregnancy, but both mother and child are at greater risk of developing diabetes mellitus later in life.
For more information and greater detail on GDM, see the dedicated section on Diabetes.
Symptoms of GDM include increased levels of sugar in the urine, which can only be detected during your regular prenatal checkups.
Women with Class A GDM have normal fasting blood glucose levels that become elevated only after a meal or after glucose has been consumed. This class of GDM can usually be managed with herbal treatments, nutritional supplements, and a proper diet under the direction of your naturopath or other health practitioner.
Women with Class B GDM or higher have constantly elevated blood glucose levels. This will generally require insulin treatment and medical management.
Regardless of what class of GDM a woman is dealing with, she will need to test her blood glucose levels at home on a daily basis.
Remedies
NOTE: It is imperative to consult your naturopath or other health practitioner before beginning any treatment.
For more information on remedies, consult the dedicated section on Diabetes.
Lifestyle
Avoid all sugars and sweets. Check ingredient lists on store-bought items, as the majority contain sugar in one or more forms.
Avoid drinking excess quantities of fruit juices, as they are generally high in naturally occurring sugars.
Minerals
Some studies suggest that GDM may develop due to a chromium deficiency. This trace mineral is further depleted with too much sugar in the diet. Take 200mcg chromium picolinate along with your daily prenatal vitamin, if taking one.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Headache
A headache is often caused by excessive vasodilation of blood vessels in the forehead and head, creating a feeling of pressure and pain. Headaches are quite common, especially in early pregnancy when your hormone levels are undergoing great changes. They can stem from the tension or stress often carried in the neck and shoulder muscles, where the muscles become tight, refer pain to the head, and induce a headache.
Symptoms include a pounding or pulse-like pressure or pain in the forehead or head, that may or may not be accompanied by nausea.
Frequent or severe headaches should be investigated by your naturopath or other health practitioner, for they may be a sign of high blood pressure. During the third trimester, severe persistent headaches may be caused by preeclampsia. Do not attempt to self-treat and see your naturopath or other health practitioner as soon as possible.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Headache.
Remedies
Conventional Approaches
It is generally acceptable to take acetaminophen on occasion, if approved by your naturopath or health practitioner. Do not take more than four consecutive doses. Most important, however, is that you do not take any other over the counter (OTC) preparations (aspirin, ibuprofen, Excedrin, et cetera) as some studies suggest these medications may cause the premature closing of the duct between the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the fetus, resulting in death of your baby.
Aromatherapy
Peppermint oil is useful for the treatment of headaches due to its cooling and analgesic properties. Massage one drop of peppermint oil into each temple and a couple of drops into the back of the neck. Be sure to avoid the eye area.
Herbs
Hops has traditionally been used successfully for tension and headaches. The herb has a sedating effect on the nervous system and, for this reason, should not be used when treating depression. To prepare an infusion, add 1 teaspoon herb to 1 cup boiling water and infuse for 10 minutes. Take 3 times daily. If using in tincture form, take twenty to forty drops 3 times daily.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Apis: Throbbing, sensation of pressure. Person feels very tired and has swollen eyelids.
Belladonna: Headache comes and goes quickly, is more right-sided, with throbbing, fullness in the forehead. Person has dilated pupils.
Bryonia: "Bursting" frontal headache. Person is thirsty, feels faint, and pain shifts to the side person is lying on. Pain made worse movement.
Gelsemium: Sensation of pressure that is like a band around the head, blurred vision, tension, and pain behind the eyes. Symptoms improve after urinating.
Lycopodium: Throbbing or "bursting" headache that is made worse when lying down or with warmth.
Natrum muriaticum: A feeling of many little hammers knocking on the brain and pain in the eyes when looking down. Symptoms made worse when reading or in motion.
Lifestyle
Avoid consuming foods with additives in them, particularly tyramine. Tyramine is similar to the amino acid tyrosine and can be found in foods made with aged cheese, egg plant, processed deli meats, sour cream, soy sauce, and yeast.
Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids may help in the treatment of headaches. Fish oil is high in omega-3 fatty acids and flaxseed/linseed oil is also an excellent source. If using flaxseed oil capsules, take 2 to 3 capsules daily, in the morning. Other oils include borage, pumpkin seed, evening primrose, non-GMO corn, non-GMO soybean, and safflower oil. Eggs are another source of omega-3 fatty acids.
As many headaches are caused by tense muscles in the head and neck, a massage to these areas can help to alleviate headaches.
Minerals
Calcium is involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. Take an extra 500mg calcium, up to 4 times daily, on top of your prenatal vitamin, if taking one.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure can help to relieve headaches.
Adjustments from a chiropractor or osteopath can also help alleviate many types of headaches.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Heartburn (Esophageal Reflux)
Heartburn is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the lower part of the esophagus, which is located in the same vicinity as the heart. The condition is aptly labeled, as it feels like your heart is burning, although it actually has nothing to do with your heart.
Heartburn is common during late pregnancy when there is increased pressure on the stomach by the growing uterus. It is also caused by hormonal changes in the body that relax the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach, allowing acids to move upwards. These hormonal changes also cause the stomach to empty more slowly.
Symptoms include burping several times during or after meals, a sensation of fullness, and a feeling of fullness or burning near the heart. You may also bring up some bile. These sensations may also be felt in your back.
Remedies
Herbs
Papaya tablets aid digestion. Chew as needed.
Slippery elm is good for controlling many gastrointestinal ailments, including heartburn. Mix 1 teaspoon slippery elm bark with honey, or take slippery elm lozenges.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Carbo vegetabilis: Belching brings relief. Person brings up sour bile.
Calcarea carbonica: Frequent sour, loud belching and stomach cramps.
Lycopodium: Sour belching after consuming cabbage or beans, pressure in stomach after eating, burning sensation in throat for hours.
Nux vomica: Sour or bitter tasting belches, ravenous hunger before an attack of heartburn, pain in the stomach made worse after eating, and difficulty belching.
Pulsatilla: Feeling of tightness after eating and lack of thirst.
Lifestyle
Maintain a diet high in complex carbohydrates and low in fat. Eliminate chocolate, coffee, processed meats, buttery or creamy food, and sauces from your diet. Avoid fatty and gassy foods as well as spicy, hot foods.
Eat several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones. Try to eat slowly, and do not lie down right after eating.
Drink fluids between -- not with -- meals.
Some people take baking soda with water for their heartburn. DO NOT use this approach as it can cause an electrolyte imbalance that can be harmful to yourself and your baby.
Minerals
Take an extra 400 to 600 mg of calcium, 1 to 4 times daily, in the form of a chewable tablet on top of your daily prenatal multivitamin, if taking one.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure is helpful for controlling esophageal reflux.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are protruding veins around the anal area and can be internal or external. They can develop during pregnancy because of the pressure exerted on the larger veins by the uterus. Constipation and straining to have a bowel movement can aggravate hemorrhoids due to the extra pressure exerted on the veins around the anus, causing them to bulge.
Hemorrhoids can run in families. Ask your mother if she developed hemorrhoids during pregnancy. If so, you can begin to take preventative measures. Keep your weight gain to no more than 13.4kg/30lbs., exercise daily, consume high quantities of fibre and drink plenty of water to avoid constipation.
Symptoms include itching and pain in the anus, and difficult bowel movements. If you have to strain to have a bowel movement, your hemorrhoids may bleed.
Remedies
Conventional Approaches
DO NOT USE items such as Preparation H as they contain benzocaine (a local anesthetic) that could harm the fetus.
Foods
Onions and pineapple contain bromelain, an enzyme that helps break down the fibrin deposited in tissues near the affected veins. These foods also help thin your blood so it is able to move more freely through veins. Eat these foods fresh, rather than supplement form.
Herbs
Garlic and cayenne pepper also contain bromelain and help thin blood. Eat these herbs fresh as well.
Psyllium seed or psyllium seed husk is useful for preventing constipation. Take 7.5g of the seed or 5g of the husk with plenty of water or juice, once daily. Gradually build up to twice daily. Taking too much too soon can cause cramping, bloating, and diarrhea. Commercially prepared products are available and come in various flavours. Regardless of the form you take psyllium, ensure you keep well hydrated.
Apply a warm compress made from the tea of either bayberry, calendula, marigold, mullein, St. John's Wort, white oak bark, or wood sorrel. To prepare a compress, use a clean cloth-made either of cotton, gauze, or linen, and soak it in a hot infusion or decoction. Place this as hot as possible on the affected area and either change it when it cools or cover the cloth with plastic or waxed paper and place a hot water bottle on top. Heat enhances the activity of these herbs.
Apply a cool witch hazel compress to the area to relieve symptoms and help tone the muscles of the veins.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose 1 to 3 times daily, as required.
Aesculus: Bleeding hemorrhoids with sharp shooting pain into the back, feeling that the rectum is full of small sticks, and a burning sensation in the anus.
Aloe: Sore, tender, protruding hemorrhoids and a burning sensation in the anus, relieved with cold applications.
Muriatic acid: Bluish, hot hemorrhoids with violent, stitching pain. Hemorrhoids sensitive to all touch, including toilet paper.
Nux vomica: Itchy, internal hemorrhoids with an ineffectual urge to pass stool.
Ratanhia: Aching anus that burns like fire, feels as though anus is filled with broken glass, and having to strain to pass stool. Person feels worse after passing stool.
Homeopathic hemorrhoid suppositories: No specific symptoms.
Lifestyle
A high fibre diet reduces the risk of constipation. Eat cereals, whole-grain breads, and pastas. Also drink plenty of water.
Eat dark red berries (cranberries, cherries, blueberries, black currant, and grapes) as they contain compounds that help restore veins and capillaries.
Avoid standing or sitting for extended periods of time.
Some women find that using sanitary napkins provide support for hemorrhoids and varicose veins around the vulva.
Miscellaneous
Some sources suggest you DO NOT massage the hemorrhoid, as there may be a thrombus that has formed. Massaging could cause the thrombus to break off and enter circulation.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
It is important to exercise daily to keep regular and promote blood movement through the legs and perineal area. Swimming or walking are excellent, low-impact pursuits.
Kegel exercises can help tone muscles in the perineal area to prevent protrusion of internal hemorrhoids. These exercises can be performed pretty much anywhere. Performed during sex they can be quite stimulating for your partner. Relax the muscles of your vagina/perineal area as though you are urinating, then tighten these muscles as though you are stopping the stream of urine. Concentrate on both the anal and vaginal areas as you contract and relax. Do at least 10 exercises 3 times daily, varying the speed and length of muscle contraction.
Vitamins
Vitamin C with bioflavonoids helps reinforce capillaries and promotes healing. Consume lemons, oranges, and grapefruits for the vitamin C, and the white inner rind for the bioflavonoids. Supplements are also available. Take 1,000 to 3,000mg daily. Start at the lower dosage and increase up to bowel tolerance.
Actions and Remedy Listings
High Blood Pressure
Hypertension during pregnancy can be a complication of the pregnancy itself, or a pre-existing condition. Aside from the implications high blood pressure has on the mother, if left untreated it may also retard your baby's growth due to the poor transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the baby. Hypertension that develops as a result of pregnancy can lead to a condition called toxemia, which is life-threatening to the mother and her baby.
Remedies
Aromatherapy
Add a few drops of one of the following essential oils to your bath: rose, patchouli, or ylang-ylang.
Foods
Eat plenty of potassium-rich foods such as beets, green leafy vegetables, and bananas.
Onions and cucumbers also help lower blood pressure.
Herbs
Garlic and parsley also help lower blood pressure.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
NOTE: Hypertension during pregnancy is a serious condition and should always be treated medically. The homeopathic remedies listed here are only suggested for the accompanying anxiety and stress.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose 1 to 4 times daily, as required.
Bryonia: Person is easily angered. Remedy ideal for dark-complexioned, nervous people.
Chamomilla: Person is irritable and difficult to please.
Ignatia: For nervous headaches. Person is impatient and/or quarrelsome. Silent or suppressed grief (particularly in women).
Kali phosphoricum: Symptoms occur after mental and nervous exertion. Ideal for overworked business and professional people.
Nux vomica: Person is anxious and irritable, oversensitive, spiteful, and malicious.
Lifestyle
Completely avoid caffeine and other stimulants.
Drink at least eight glasses of fluids daily. If you are not accustomed to drinking this quantity, start with four or five glasses and work your way up.
Find ways to reduce stress in your life. Pay attention to those things in your life that cause emotional or physical stress, and eliminate or reduce them.
Minerals
Calcium helps prevent and reduce high blood pressure as well as arteriosclerosis and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Take 500 to 1,000mg daily.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Exercise can help reduce stress and lower blood pressure.
Yoga, tai chi, or just being submerged in water can help lower blood pressure and alleviate stress.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Indigestion
Indigestion is common in pregnancy. The high levels of progesterone that occur during pregnancy have a slowing effect on the digestive tract and can cause indigestion. In late pregnancy, the pressure exerted by the uterus and baby on the stomach can also compound the problem. Indigestion may also be caused by a digestive enzyme deficiency.
Symptoms include a feeling of fullness after eating (this feeling of fullness may also occur between meals), belching and bringing up bitter-tasting bile. There is no burning sensation in the chest as occurs with heartburn.
Remedies
Aromatherapy
Add 2 to 3 drops lavender oil to your bath. You may also mix lavender with a carrier oil and use in a massage to settle your stomach and treat constipation.
Orange or peppermint oil for a massage can help improve digestion.
Herbs
Drink anise, fennel, or peppermint tea to promote digestion. To prepare anise tea, pour 1 cup boiling water over 1 to 2 teaspoons of seed, cover, and allow to infuse 5 to 10 minutes. To prepare fennel tea, add 1 to 2 tsp. fresh fennel seeds to 1 cup of boiling water. Infuse 10 minutes. Drink up to 3 cups daily. To prepare peppermint tea, add 1 to 2 teaspoons dried herb to one cup boiling water. Take up to 3 times daily.
Papaya tablets aid digestion. Chew as needed.
Slippery elm is good for controlling many gastrointestinal ailments, including indigestion. Mix 1 teaspoon slippery elm bark with honey, or take slippery elm lozenges.
Lifestyle
Avoid greasy foods, spicy foods, and caffeine.
Eat smaller meals and eat more frequently. Chew your food well and eat slowly.
Do not eat standing up. And do not lie down right after eating.
If you rush through your meal, you will not digest it properly.
Drink your fluids between meals rather than with them.
Miscellaneous
Eat almonds between meals.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Insomnia
Sleep problems are common for many pregnant women. It is often difficult to fall asleep because of the excitement and anxiety associated with thoughts of delivery and impending motherhood. Also, changes in hormone levels can affect certain brain centres responsible for deep relaxation. It is also certainly difficult to find a comfortable position to sleep in with your growing belly or a very active child.
Symptoms include an inability to fall asleep, waking up in the middle of the night (often with the need to urinate or with leg cramps), or waking up early and not being able to fall back to sleep.
Some women find it more difficult to sleep at night than during the day. If you feel you have to nap then do so. It is important to receive at least eight hours of sleep daily, regardless of how or when it is divided up.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Insomnia.
Remedies
Herbs
Chamomile has a relaxing effect on the body. To prepare an infusion, add 2 teaspoons dried herb to one cup hot water. Drink three times daily.
For hundreds of years, hops have been taken as a powerful sedative via an infusion or placed into a pillow. Studies suggest that when sleeping on the pillow, the volatile oils are released and affect the brain through the olfactory centre. The infusion calms the central nervous system and is used for insomnia, restlessness, tension, anxiety and headaches. To prepare an infusion, add 1 teaspoon herb to 1 cup boiling water and infuse for 10 minutes. Take 3 times daily. The dried flowers and strobile (cone or cone-like structure) can also be placed in your pillow.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Aconite: Person is sleepless and restless, startles in sleep, and has anxious dreams.
Coffea: Person is wakeful, sleeping until 3 A.M. then only dozing. Great flow of ideas and mental activity.
Nux vomica: Inability to sleep after 3 A.M., waking up feeling awful, dreams full of hurry, made better after short sleep.
Pulsatilla: Person feels wide awake in the evening, sleep is restless at first. Person sleeps with hands over the head, wakes up not feeling refreshed.
Sulphur: Talking and twitching during sleep, vivid dreams, frequent waking, inability to sleep between 2 A.M. and 5 A.M.
Lifestyle
Try to finish dinner by 7 P.M. so you are not digesting while you sleep.
Drink warm milk before bed. The milk contains tryptophan, an amino acid that helps relax the body and induce a restful sleep. Tryptophan also helps reduce anxiety and tension and acts as a natural antidepressant.
Keep your bedroom dark and quiet. Good ventilation and fresh air also helps.
Try to get as comfortable as possible in bed, using as many pillows as necessary for support.
If you just cannot fall asleep, get out of bed and read.
Minerals
Calcium may help alleviate insomnia and restlessness. Take an extra 500 to 1,000mg of calcium before bed.
Miscellaneous
Nap as needed.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure is also helpful for this condition.
Even if you cannot fall asleep, meditation can be useful to promote relaxation.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Leaking/Gushing Fluid
A gush of clear fluid or a constant leaking of fluid over several hours indicates that your membranes have ruptured. If your baby is full term, this can signal the start of labour.
The baby should be delivered within twenty-four hours of rupture or infection can set in. If your membranes rupture before thirty-seven weeks of pregnancy, labour has begun prematurely.
Regardless of how far along you are in the pregnancy, if this occurs, contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner IMMEDIATELY.
If all is well, then congratulations! Your baby is about to be born ...
Leg Cramps
Leg cramps are common during pregnancy and are often caused by a calcium/magnesium deficiency or phosphorous -- calcium imbalance in your blood.
Symptoms include aching, painful cramps in the legs that can even awake you from sleep.
Remedies
If you have a painful, red area in you leg, you may have thrombophlebitis, or a blood clot in a vein. DO NOT attempt to self-treat in this case and speak to your naturopath or other health practitioner as soon as possible. If you do have thrombophlebitis, you may need to be hospitalized and on bed-rest with antibiotics, anticoagulants, and/or hot packs.
Herbs
Cramp bark is excellent for treating any type of cramping. It acts as a muscle relaxant and sedates the nervous system. To prepare an infusion, bring 31/2 teaspoons bark and 3 cups water to a boil. Simmer for 10 minutes, cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon tincture every 2 hours, up to 3 doses daily. If supplementing, take 1 to 2 capsules every 2 hours, up to 3 doses daily.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Cuprum metallicum: Cramps in the calves and soles of feet, with spasms that begin in the fingers and toes.
Magnesia phosphorica: Radiating pains and cramps in the calves made worse with cold and better with warmth and pressure.
Veratrum album: Cramps in the calves, weakness, and cold skin. Symptoms made worse at night and improve with warmth and walking.
Lifestyle
Excess phosphorous intake is the primary cause of phosphorous -- calcium imbalance in the body. Avoid foods that are high in phosphoric acid (meats, sodas, et cetera) and obtain your protein from other sources.
To help relieve a cramp, pull or point your toes towards your kneecap to stretch the calf muscle. Then gently put your weight on the leg with the cramp and walk it off slowly.
Minerals
Take an extra 1,000mg of calcium and 500mg of magnesium daily. Increase this dosage to 1,200mg and 600mg respectively if you do not eat dairy products.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Low Blood Pressure
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is more common than high blood pressure during pregnancy in generally healthy women. Hypotension is often caused by low blood sugar, low fluids and electrolytes, or inadequate food intake. This condition is not dangerous to you or your baby unless you find yourself fainting and falling down.
Symptoms can include lightheadedness, dizziness, especially when you get up too fast, and feeling weak or tired.
Remedies
Herbs
Ginkgo biloba increases blood circulation to the brain and may prove useful. You can make or purchase ginkgo biloba tea, but it is much less effective in this form due to the low concentration of herb. It takes a substantial amount of leaves for a medicinal preparation. For this herb, commercial preparations are preferable. If supplementing, take 120 to 160mg daily
Foods
Salt helps retain water in your blood and thus raise blood pressure. Add sea salt to your meals.
Lifestyle
Be sure to eat three meals and three snacks a day.
Drink at least eight glasses of water daily. If you are not accustomed to drinking this quantity of water, start with four or five glasses and work your way up.
When getting up from a seated or lying position, get up slowly. If you begin to feel light-headed, sit down and either put your head between your knees or lie down with your legs elevated.
Minerals
Potassium helps maintain blood pressure levels. Choose potassium-rich foods such as bananas, beets, greens, winter squash, and yams. For best absorption, do not overcook vegetables -- steam or eat raw where possible.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Yoga or tai chi prove beneficial for normalizing blood pressure, as the allow veins to expand and contract slowly.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Miscarriage/Spontaneous Abortion
One in five pregnancies end in miscarriage. If something is developmentally wrong with the fetus, your body will most often reject it in the first two trimesters, typically the first. Eighty percent of all miscarriages are due to this reason, as it is nature's way of ensuring a healthy baby.
The most common cause for miscarriage during the second trimester is the inability for the cervix to remain closed. If this is the case, the cervix can be stitched closed and, at the time of labour, cut apart to allow the baby to pass.
Usually, a first trimester miscarriage seems like you are just passing heavy blood clots. A second trimester miscarriage resembles labour. General symptoms for a miscarriage include vaginal bleeding, with intermittent pain in the lower back or abdomen. Heavy cramping and sudden blood loss usually means the miscarriage is taking place and there is nothing that can be done to save the embryo. If there is bleeding without cramps, the embryo may still be alive and an ultrasound may be required to assess the situation.
A missed miscarriage occurs when the fetus has died, but your body cannot expel it. Symptoms include feeling no movement in your uterus, and breast tenderness and nausea disappear. There is no bleeding or cramping. Occasionally there is some spotting.
A missed miscarriage can result in internal hemorrhage and infections. If you feel as though the signs and symptoms of your pregnancy have disappeared, contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible. You should be taken to the hospital to have contractions induced, or you may require a suction D&C.
If you experience any type of bleeding during your pregnancy, call your midwife or other health care professional IMMEDIATELY.
Some women attempt to manage a miscarriage at home. In this case, it is very important to have expert care or supervision present. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as you begin bleeding.
Remedies
A miscarriage is often a very emotionally traumatic experience. Although you may have already bonded with and grown to love the baby, you have to acknowledge and come to terms with the fact that the pregnancy is over. Give yourself the time to grieve over the loss of your child. Share your feelings with your partner, a friend, or a professional counselor
.
Conventional Treatment
You may have to deliver you miscarriage in the hospital, depending on how far along you are in the pregnancy. Usually, the further along you are, the more necessary this becomes. If a miscarriage occurs in the fifth or sixth week of pregnancy, cramping and heavy bleeding ensue, and retaining tissue in the uterus is rare. After the sixth week, there is a greater risk of excessive bleeding and retention of tissue, making medical supervision an imperative at this point. A D&C suction may be required to remove tissue that has not been expelled.
Herbs
If you begin to bleed, and ONLY if you have been told by your midwife, naturopath or other health practitioner that your baby is still alive, black haw may prove helpful. Take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of extract or 1 to 2 capsules up to 3 times a day. You should also be on complete bed-rest as well. If the embryo or fetus is dead, this herb may prolong retention of the baby.
Actions and Remedy Listing
| Black Haw | Counselling | Hospital Supervision |
Morning Sickness
Approximately one third of all pregnant women experience morning sickness and is a result of the increased production of twenty-six hormones, along with four others that are only produced during pregnancy. The hormones cause your gastrointestinal system to become more sensitive to various foods and smells. The nausea generally causes pregnant women to eat more plain foods, ensuring the embryo receives only the most basic nutrients. Morning sickness may thus be a way of compelling the pregnant mother to avoid harmful substances that can harm the embryo.
Morning sickness often begins at about the seventh week of pregnancy and is usually over by the second trimester. Symptoms include nausea first thing in the morning and sometimes vomiting. The nausea usually wears off as the day goes on and you take in food. Some women are not able to stomach even the most plain of foods and the nausea continues into the evening. Intravenous (IV) therapy may be required if severe vomiting causes electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.
If you cannot take any food or drink at all for eight to twelve hours or if you are losing weight, you may be suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum -- a condition of excessive vomiting during pregnancy. Consult with your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible. You may need to be fed intravenously or require other treatment. It is important that you keep your body from burning fat as fuel, as it can cause a chemical imbalance that, among other things, can make your nausea worse.
Remedies
Aromatherapy
Lavender, ginger, fennel, and peppermint oil can be beneficial in settling your stomach. Add one or two drops to the bath. You may also add to a carrier oil and massage into the skin.
Herbs
Take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of dandelion extract 3 times a day or you eat dandelion greens daily.
Ginger's antispasmodic properties help calm stomach convulsions and the herb also relieves nausea, making it ideal for morning sickness. A fresh infusion is most ideal, though the root pieces can be eat freely as well. To prepare an infusion, add 2 teaspoons grated, fresh, ginger to one cup of hot water. Take as often as needed. If supplementing, take 1 500mg capsule 2 to 3 times daily.
Wild yam root is also beneficial. To prepare a decoction, bring 3 cups water and 3 teaspoons root to a boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Let cool, strain, and divide into 3 doses for the day. If using in tincture form, take 20 to 30 drops three times daily. If supplementing, take 1 to 2 capsules twice dial.
Chamomile, fennel, cinnamon, peppermint, and raspberry can also be useful. Drink in tea form.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Ignatia: "Morning sickness of Ignatia" occurs in the morning from being nervous and apprehensive. Symptoms improve with eating and keeping busy.
Ipecac: Constant nausea and vomiting. Excessive production of saliva and hiccups. Vomit consists of food, bile, blood, and mucus. NOTE: NEVER use the regular, undiluted ipecac as it is a very strong purgative and its use is contraindicated during pregnancy.
Sepia: Sickness occurs in the morning before eating or with smell or sight of food. Cravings for acidic foods and pickles. Symptoms made worse after drinking milk.
Lifestyle
Eat smaller, more frequent meals rather than three large meals a day, so you can avoid having an empty stomach. Nausea is also made worse with low blood sugar, so eating frequently throughout the day will help keep blood sugar levels more consistent. Snack often on crackers, toast, a bagel, et cetera.
It may be easier to tolerate your food in liquid form. Try shakes or fresh juices.
Avoid simple sugars.
Avoid foods or odours that bother you.
Drinking carbonated beverages (that do not contain caffeine) can help expel gas. Ginger ale is a good choice as the ginger benefits the gastrointestinal tract.
Get plenty of fresh air.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Acupressure is often used to deal with morning sickness by wearing a "sea band" on the wrist. The elastic wrist strap contains a small bump designed to apply continuous pressure to the P 6 pressure point on the wrist, providing relief to sea sick sailors and pregnant women dealing with morning sickness.
Chiropractic adjustments of the thoracic spine may also help relieve nausea.
Vitamins
B6 helps relieve nausea and morning sickness. Take 25 to 75mg daily. Do not exceed 100mg at one time as your body may not be able to fully absorb it. Take divided doses, instead.
Vitamin C may also prove helpful. Take 250mg daily.
Some sources recommend supplementing with relatively high doses vitamin K. Minimum nutritional requirements state a vitamin K intake of 65mcg daily. Therapeutic doses for morning sickness recommend 5mg (5000mcg) twice daily. Consult with your nutritionist, naturopath, or other health practitioner before supplementing with this vitamin. In addition, vitamin K is not commercially available in Canada. Food sources include asparagus, avocados, beef, broccoli, cabbage, dark green leafy vegetables, egg yolks, green tea, nuts, oatmeal, rye, seeds, soybeans, turnip greens, wheat, and wheat germ oil. Vitamin K is also found in alfalfa and kelp supplements.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Nausea
See Morning Sickness.
Pubic Pain
Pubic pain often occurs after birth as a result of the baby passing through the narrow birth canal. However, it is possible to feel pubic pain in the third trimester. This usually occurs due to a separation of the pubic symphysis (the joint holding the front part of your pelvis together). The separation can be caused by the weight of the baby or a fall or other such trauma.
If you do feel pain in the middle of or under the pubic mound, see your naturopath or other health practitioner.
Round Ligament Spasm/Pain
The round ligament originates at the top of the uterus and proceeds down on either side to attach deep into the pelvis in front. As the uterus grows, this ligament stretches. It is common to feel spasms in the groin area, especially around four to five months, and then again near the end of the ninth month of pregnancy. This pain is different from uterine pain since the round ligament spasm is felt lower than the uterus.
Symptoms include a sharp pain that comes on suddenly.
Remedies
The recommendations for nutrition, herbs and homeopathic remedies are similar to those found under Leg Cramps, above.
Lifestyle
Massage the area with your fingers or palms to relieve the pain.
Minerals
Take an additional 1,000mg calcium and an extra 500mg magnesium a day.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Stress
For more information, see the dedicated section on Stress.
Before attempting any of the treatments suggested, consult with your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to determine the appropriateness of one or more particular remedies for pregnant women.
Stretch Marks
Stretch marks occur where your skin has stretched rapidly to accommodate your growing breasts and abdomen. Some women have a genetic predisposition to stretch marks and have them on their belly, breasts, hips, buttocks, and/or thighs. Some women do not get them at all.
Stretch marks first appear as reddish or purple striated lines and turn more white after the pregnancy. Whether you end up with many or just a few, do not fret too much about them. Regard them as a symbol of your journey through pregnancy and motherhood.
Remedies
Foods
Consume foods high in protein, vitamin C, and vitamin E, all of which promote good connective tissue growth.
Miscellaneous
Massage olive oil or vitamin E over your abdomen, breasts, buttocks and thighs daily to keep skin well moisturized.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Stick to a regular exercise program. Focus on stretching and strengthening the muscles of the abdomen, buttocks, and thighs. If your abdominal muscles begin to separate more than a couple of centimetres in the midline, do not do curl ups. Instead, tighten your abdominal muscles while lying on your back.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Sweating
Some women find excess sweating to be a problem during pregnancy. This is often caused by the increase in your metabolic rate and the extra work you body must do during pregnancy.
Symptoms include increased sweating, especially under the arms, the groin, and on the face and neck.
Remedies
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Calcarea carbonica: Night sweats, especially involving your head.
China: Increased sweating with the slightest exertion.
Hepar sulphuris calcareum: Excessive, sticky, offensive sweat.
Lycopodium: Odourous sweating of feet and armpits.
Lifestyle
Wear natural, breathable fabrics and dress in layers.
Keep a fan handy.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Toxemia/Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by fluid retention and high blood pressure. It is very serious and is dangerous for both mother and baby. Do not self-treat this condition.
Symptoms often occur after the twentieth week of pregnancy and include rapid swelling of hands, feet, and face, rapid weight gain, headache, blurred vision, the jitters, and seizures. If protein is found in the urine (through a urine test) there may be kidney impairment. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner if you begin to experience any of the symptoms.
Urinary Tract Infection
A urinary tract infections (UTI) is more common in pregnant women than non-pregnant women due to increased output of sugar and protein in the urine. If left untreated, a UTI may quickly lead to kidney infection and premature labour. Urinary tract infections are often without symptoms and can become dangerous during pregnancy if left untreated. Your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner will check your urine at each prenatal examination to ensure you are problem free. Prevention is key, and can be attained with good nutrition and personal hygiene, as well as taking your prenatal vitamins and drinking plenty of fluids.
Symptoms, if present, include urgency to urinate and pain.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Urinary Tract Infection.
Remedies
Most alternative treatments alleviate symptoms but do not deal with the underlying cause. Your naturopath or other health practitioner should thus supervise treatment.
Aromatherapy
Bergamot can alleviate the stinging and burning sensation. Add 2 to 3 drops essential oil to your bath.
Chamomile alleviates the discomfort of UTI. Add 2 to 3 drops essential oil to your bath.
Sandalwood has potent antiseptic. Add 2 to 3 drops essential oil to your bath.
Foods
Cranberry juice is highly effective when dealing with a urinary tract infection. The juice contains an enzyme that prevents E. coli bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract and reduces urine bacterial concentration. The juice also produces hippuric acid in the urine, increasing acidification and inhibiting bacterial growth. Use concentrated unsweetened cranberry juice at approximately half the recommended dilution. Drink one full glass three times daily for one week. Many women also drink cranberry juice on a regular basis as a preventative measure against infection. Avoid sweetened cranberry juice as the sugar provides a food source for the bacteria. If supplementing, take 1 to 2 capsules of cranberry concentrate 3 to 4 times daily.
Cherry juice may also be used in the same fashion as cranberry juice.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Apis: Burning and soreness with urination, little dark urine. Symptoms improve with cold.
Belladonna: Acute infections, frequent and profuse urination of dark cloudy urine.
Cartharis: Persistent urge to urinate, only able to pass very little urine, cutting pain.
Pulsatilla: Increased urge that worsens when lying down, burning in the urethra during or after urination, spasmodic pain in the bladder after urination.
Lifestyle
Drink 8 to 10 glasses of fluids a day. If you are not accustomed to drinking this quantity of fluid, start with 4 to 5 glasses daily and work your way up.
Empty your bladder frequently. Do not wait to go.
Wear cotton underwear and avoid wearing pantyhose.
Urinate and wash before and after intercourse.
Wipe front to back after urinating or defecating using new paper for each wipe.
Vitamins
Take 500mg of vitamin C 2 to 4 times daily.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Vaginitis
Vaginitis is an infection of the vaginal canal caused by foreign bacteria, yeast, or protozoa, growing in the canal. It can occur during pregnancy due to the changing hormonal environment.
There are four main organisms that cause vaginitis -- yeast, gardneraella, trichomoniasis, and beta streptococcus. Vaginitis can also be caused by various sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which must be medically treated with oral antibiotics.
Vaginitis may reoccur if your male partner is not treated as well, due to constant cross contamination.
Symptoms and signs related to the four specific organisms are outlined below.
Yeast Infections
Symptoms include burning and itching of the vagina and vulva and a heavy, cheesy white discharge that is different from the normal clear or white mucous of pregnancy.
For more information, see the dedicated section on Yeast Infection.
Gardnerella
Symptoms include occasional itching and burning of the vagina and an unpleasant fish-like odour especially after intercourse. You may or may not experience a greyish discharge.
Trichomoniasis
Symptoms include burning, especially after urination, itchiness, redness, and a foamy, yellowish discharge.
Beta Streptococcus
This infection is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), and you will probably be tested for it during the third trimester of your pregnancy. If left untreated, it may cause premature labour and a serious, life-threatening disease in your newborn.
Remedies
For All Types of Vaginitis
Food Supplements
Acidophilus suppositories can be used to alleviate vaginitis and are safe to use throughout pregnancy.
Herbs
Goldenseal suppositories may be safely used only after thirty-six weeks of pregnancy. Consult with your herbalist, midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner about this treatment.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Ambra grisea: Itchiness, soreness, and swelling of the vulva with a profuse discharge and an increased sexual desire.
Caladium: Itchy vulva and vagina with the need to scratch.
Collinsonia: Itchy, swollen vulva with a dark redness.
Kreosotum: Itching, burning, and swelling of the vulva with a yellow, pungent discharge.
Sepia: Itchy, painful vagina, especially after intercourse with a yellow or green discharge.
Lifestyle
Wear cotton underwear.
Wipe front to back after urinating or defecating using new paper for each wipe.
Wash the area daily and after intercourse with warm water without using soap. You may also rinse the area with 2 teaspoons of vinegar to 1 cup of water. Your partner can also use this rinse for his penis.
It is best to avoid intercourse until the infection has cleared up.
Get plenty of rest.
Do not use feminine hygiene deodorants. Douche only if instructed to do so by your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner.
Drink plenty of fluids
Avoid sugar as it encourages the growth of yeast.
Vitamins
Take an extra 500mg of vitamin C daily to increase urine acidity. This will help flush out bacteria.
Yeast Infection
Food Supplements
Eat yogurt that contains live acidophilus. You can also take acidophilus capsules orally, or insert a capsule or suppository into the vagina at night for 7 to 10 nights.
Herbs
Calendula suppositories may prove beneficial.
Gardnerella
Food Supplements
Acidophilus suppositories can be useful.
Herbs
Calendula suppositories can also be useful.
Lifestyle
Abstain from intercourse for 2 to 3 weeks to allow your body to heal and eliminate infection from your male partner's genital tract.
Trichomoniasis
This infection should be treated medically.
Beta-Streptococcus
This infection should be treated medically.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Varicose Veins
Increased progesterone production during pregnancy can cause veins in your thighs and legs to relax. Your veins may begin to bulge and become hard and painful. Also, pressure exerted by the fetus on veins can impair blood flow back to the heart, causing a "backlog" of blood in the veins of your thighs and legs.
Varicose veins can run in families. Ask your mother if she developed varicose veins during pregnancy. If so, you can begin to take preventative measures. These include keeping your weight gain to no more than 13.4 kg or 30 lbs, and exercising daily.
Symptoms include bulging blue veins on legs and thighs that may be painful. You may also experience fatigue and swelling of the ankles.
Generally, your veins will return to normal after pregnancy. Surgical removal of the veins is thus not recommended, especially during pregnancy. In 1 to 2 percent of pregnancies, however, varicose veins can be serious and can lead to blood clots. If your pain is excessive with a feeling of heaviness in the legs and you experience a fever and/or an increased heart rate, DO NOT SELF TREAT. Contact your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner immediately. You may be required to keep your legs elevated, use moist heat, or take anticoagulant drugs, depending on the seriousness of your condition.
Remedies
Aromatherapy
Mix together 2 drops lemon, 2 drops rosemary, 3 drops yarrow, 3 drops frankincense, and 5 drops cypress oil. Take 2 or 3 drops of the mixture and mix with one ounce of carrier oil. You can massage the final product into the affected veins 2 or 3 times daily.
Herbs
Prepare and apply warm compresses of either bayberry, calendula, mullein, St. John's Wort, white oak bark, or wood sorrel to the affected area. To prepare a compress, use a clean cloth-made either of cotton, gauze, or linen, and soak it in a hot infusion or decoction. Place this as hot as possible on the affected area and either change it when it cools or cover the cloth with plastic or waxed paper and place a hot water bottle on top. Heat enhances the activity of these herbs.
Homeopathy
Certain remedies can be used in acute situations if your symptoms fit the symptom picture of the remedy. For general dosage information, see the dedicated section on Homeopathy. Consult your homeopath or naturopath to determine your constitutional remedy: the remedy that best fits you as a whole person. Your homeopath or naturopath will take a complete case history, considering all of your mental and physical ailments and match these symptoms with the symptom picture of the remedy.
Of the following remedies, take one 6C or 30C dose every 15 to 30 minutes, repeat three times if necessary, then decrease to 1 to 4 times daily, if required.
Hamamelils: Sore varicose veins the feel bruised. Symptoms made worse with heat.
Millefolium: Painful varicose veins during pregnancy.
Pulsatilla: Swelling and pain in legs that is made worse when legs are hanging down.
Zincum metallicum: Large varicose veins and the feeling that your feet cannot stay still.
Lifestyle
Avoid standing or sitting for long periods of time. Elevate your legs whenever possible and avoid crossing your legs. Also, avoid wearing high heels and tight fitting clothing.
Try an alternating leg bath to promote circulation. Place your legs in very warm or hot water (make sure it is comfortable and not scalding) for 3 minutes, then place them in cold water for 1 minute. Alternate between these two extremes two more times. NOTE: DO NOT use this treatment if you are diabetic.
You may find some relief with support stockings. Speak to your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner to help you find the right size.
Therapies, Healing Aids, and More
Exercise is important. Muscle contraction in the legs will promote blood flow through the legs and back to the heart. Walking or swimming are excellent, but avoid exercises that stress the legs, such as jogging.
Actions and Remedy Listings
Vision Problems
During pregnancy, vision problems may be a sign of severely elevated blood pressure and possibly preeclampsia. Symptoms include seeing spots, flashes, blurring, or blind spots. If your vision becomes disrupted, consult your midwife, naturopath, or other health practitioner as soon as possible to rule out hypertension or preeclampsia.
For More Information ...
The BabyData.com -- Alternative Medicine web listing has excellent links to information about the use of alternative remedies and therapies during pregnancy.
See pregnancy-related
Breastfeeding (& Related Issues)
See therapies, healing aids, and more
Midwifery
See also
Backache,
Common Cold,
Constipation,
Depression,
Diabetes,
Fever,
Flatulence,
Headache,
High Blood Pressure,
Indigestion,
Influenza,
Low Blood Pressure,
Stress,
Urinary Tract Infection,
Yeast Infection
"MY BEST REMEDIES" -- TERMS OF USE
All information contained on this website is for reference purposes only and all content should be treated as a resource. It is highly recommended that you consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner when undertaking self-treatment. For serious conditions, always seek the advice of your naturopath or other health practitioner. People taking medication should
consult with their naturopath or other health practitioner before undertaking additional regime for their ailment.
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the information contained on this website. However, errors in copy may occur. You are advised to consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner
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