Description
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body, comprising over 50% of the total amino acid pool and 60% of the pool inside muscle tissues. This amino acid helps maintain a proper acid-base balance within the body's tissues and acts as a nitrogen precursor for various nucleotide synthesis. These include several coenzymes and phosphate molecules used for energy production.
Glutamine is known as "brain-fuel" and easily passes the blood-brain barrier. It is converted to glutamic acid in the brain, where it is essential for cerebral function. This amino acid has the ability to "pick up" excess ammonia that can inhibit proper brain function and performance. It is necessary for the synthesis of skeletal muscle proteins and helps build and maintain muscle tissue. Glutamine is also necessary for maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
Glutamine and Your Immune System
Glutamine also acts as fuel for the immune system. It is essential for the proliferation of lymphocytes and for several key functions of the macrophages. These immune system components help fight off foreign invaders.
On average, your body produces 120g of glutamine daily, providing you with adequate levels for proper function. Deficiencies can result from an infection or disease that places a greater demand on your immune system.
Your immune system initially derives glutamine from blood plasma. Once this source is exhausted, free (unattached) glutamine in the muscles is then recruited. If this is still inadequate, the body obtains what it needs by catabolizing skeletal muscles. Muscle proteins are broken down and converted into a number of amino acids where glutamine is the most abundant. This free glutamine is then used by the immune system.
The above situation can potentially result in a significant loss of strength as muscle tissue is converted into amino acids. This can reduce the body's ability to produce additional glutamine. However, most people recoup their losses after infection. Those with dietary deficiencies and a sedentary lifestyle may choose supplementation to build up glutamine levels as a short-term solution.
