(also referred to as...)
Acu-Yoga, Ashiatsu, Barefoot Shiatsu, Bodywork, Chinese Massage,
Contact Healing, Do-In, Jin Shin Do, Jin Shin Jyutsu, Polarity Therapy,
Sea Bands, Shiatsu, Tsubo, TuiNa, Zen Shiatsu
Introduction
Acupressure originates from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and predates acupuncture as a form of healing. Both techniques are similar in their use of acupuncture points to balance the flow of qi (pronounced "Chi"), or life force, through jing luo, or meridian channels/pathways in the body. When these channels are disturbed and energy flows too slow, quick, turbulent, or static, the body's qi is unbalanced. Acupressure helps rebalance and unblock qi so your body can heal itself.
Technically, acupressure is a form of acupuncture. However, instead of inserting fine needles into specific points on the body, acupressure employs manual pressure to stimulate points to achieve the same result. Pressure is applied primarily with the fingers, but small seeds or devices containing bumps can also be used to apply pressure. There is no puncturing of the skin in acupressure.
Acupressure has several advantages over acupuncture in that it can be self-administered (applying pressure as opposed to inserting needles) and acupressure can be easily taught to others.
Meridians ...
There are fifty-nine meridians in the body, with twelve "main" meridians dominating the others. Qi flows from one meridian to another in a specific order, delivering energy to every part of the body. In addition, there are eight "extraordinary", twelve "muscle", and fifteen "connecting" meridians. These branches of the twelve main meridians facilitate the distribution of qi to areas not covered by the main meridians.
The entire network creates a fine, intricate grid with a seemingly limitless combination of pathways. The goal of the acupressure/acupuncture practitioner or experienced individual is to determine the most likely and frequent patterns of flow emanating from and to the organs and apply their healing approach accordingly.
Organ-Specific Meridians
Each of the twelve dominating meridians represents a biological energy system centered on one of the twelve vital organs, which includes the pericardium and triple-burner/tri-heater (part of a broader TCM conceptual framework of the body). Six flow primarily up the front of the body, for the kidneys (KI), large intestine (LI), liver (LIV), lungs (LU), pericardium (P/PC), spleen (SP), and stomach (ST), while the remaining six run primarily down the back of the body, for the bladder (BL), gallbladder (GB), heart (HT), small intestine (SI), and "Tri-heater" (TH). Stimulating an acupressure point on one of the main meridians affects the connected organ and has a general effect on the entire system.
The Eight Extraordinary Channels
Another set of medians, referred to as the eight extraordinary channels, course through the body on routes not directly related to the major organs. Two of these meridians are used in acupressure: the conception vessel and the governor vessel. The conception vessel flows from the head to the perineum (the space between the anus and the genitals) along the front of the body and is linked with the digestive and reproductive systems. The governor vessel flows from the tailbone at the base of the spine, along the back of the body, and over the top of the head to the centre of the upper lip and is linked with the brain, spinal column, and nervous system.
... And Their Points
Acupuncture/acupressure points, or acupoints, are locations where meridians come close to the skin and are often found in depressions between bones, muscles, or tendons. The points are identified by the abbreviation of its meridian and a specific number. For example, "LI 11" refers to point 11 on the large intestine meridian, while "BL 61" refers to point 61 on the bladder meridian. Points often occur in symmetrical pairs, with one point on the left side of your body and another in the same location on the right side of your body.
When undergoing an acupressure session, treatment typically involves combining points near pain or tension (local points) with points that do not appear directly related to the pain or tension in question (trigger points). Trigger points are used as they are connected to other points along the meridian pathway.
Some points are more sensitive than others, affecting response. Before treating yourself, it is recommended that you thoroughly familiarize yourself with this healing technique and the location of meridians, their corresponding acupressure points, and the effect each point can have on other areas of the body.
In TCM, points are poetically named, for example, "Harmonious River", "Heaven's Window", "Hidden Rabbit", "Order's Edge", and "Silken Bamboo Hollow".
Sample Points
The following are a sampling of acupoints used to deal with a variety of common ailments.
Gallbladder meridian.
Specific location: Back of the head at the base of the skull -- there is one on either side of the spine. Pressing these points simultaneously helps relieve headaches and the common cold.
Large Intestine meridian.
Specific location: Back of either hand in the webbing between the thumb and index finger. Effective for nausea and headaches. NOTE: This point should not be used by pregnant women, as stimulation of the Hoka point can result in uterine contractions.
Large Intestine meridian.
Specific location: Top of the elbow crease on either arm. Used to treat headache and fever associated with the common cold.
Pericardium meridian.
Specific location: Inside surface of the wrist, three finger-widths above the wrist crease. Effective for stomach upset such as nausea and vomiting.
Small intestine meridian.
Specific location: Front of the ear canal on either side of the face. Effective for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction
Spleen meridian.
Specific location: Front of either ankle joint. Effective for heartburn.
Spleen meridian.
Specific location: Approximately four finger-widths above the ankle on the inside of either leg. Effective for menstrual cramps.
Stomach meridian.
Specific location: Between the jaw and skull beneath either ear. Effective for facial pain, including that from TMJ.
Stomach meridian.
Specific location: A few inches below the kneecap on the front of either leg. Effective for pain localized in the front of the head and headaches focused on the front of the head.
Stomach meridian.
Specific location: The top of either foot in the webbing between the tendons of the second and third toes. Effective for nausea and vomiting.
Pressure and Methods
The most basic acupressure technique is the application of firm pressure with your thumbs, fingers, palms, or knuckles, depending on what is easiest for you. Your middle finger is the strongest and longest. You can also place the middle finger on top of the index finger to provide more strength. The pressure should be firm enough that the sensation lies between pain and pleasure. While the goal is not to cause pain, if you are too gentle, you will not receive much benefit.
As previously mentioned, acupressure points typically occur in pairs and both should be pressed simultaneously, where possible. By working both sides, the effectiveness of acupressure increases and qi is more effectively balanced.
Pain and / or Relaxation
To relieve pain or relax an area, gently press the points for thirty seconds. Increase your pressure until quite firm and hold for one to three minutes. Follow by releasing slowly and gently, taking approximately thirty seconds to move off the points.
Large Muscle Groups
If working a large muscle group such as those in your shoulders or calves, kneading should precede acupressure. Use your thumbs and fingers and the heels of your hands to knead the area around the points, in addition to the points themselves. Be gentle.
Chronic Situations / Muscle Tension
Acupressure must be persistently and consistently used when treating ailments or situations or relieving muscle tension. If treating back pain flare-up, shoulder tension, or other acute situations, acupressure may be required two to three times daily. Weekly sessions will also act as a preventative.
Sensitive Areas
If working on sensitive areas of the body, such as the face and abdomen or areas that have little cushioning between the skin and bone, such as the top of the head, use your fingertips to quickly tap and stimulate the muscles located just under the surface of the skin.
Circulation
Brisk rubbing generally increases blood flow. This technique can be used to warm up a chilled or cold body and is appropriate for people who are bedridden and for older people with sluggish circulation
Bodywork Techniques
Acupressure is used in a variety of bodywork techniques, including Acu-Yoga, Ashiatsu, Barefoot Shiatsu, Chinese Massage, Do-In, Jin Shin Do, Jin Shin Jyutsu, Polarity Therapy, Shiatsu, Tsubo, TuiNa, and Zen Shiatsu
Acu-Yoga
Uses yoga postures to press multiple acupressure points with your whole body instead of just your hands. Particularly useful when focusing on your back and other difficult to reach areas of the body. Intended for home use.
Ashiatsu / Barefoot Shiatsu
Uses the feet to press acupressure points, as they can exert a more firm pressure than fingers.
Do-In
A system of stretches, breathing, exercises, and acupressure techniques that can be employed each day as an acupressure "workout".
Jin Shin Do / Jin Shin Jyutsu
Also referred to as Polarity Therapy, Jin Shin Do and Jin Shin Jyutsu are forms of Japanese self-help acupressure involving gentle touching or cradling of the body as opposed to massage-like movements. The goal of these therapies is to balance body, mind, and spirit by touching twenty-six "safety energy locks" found along energy pathways of the body. Sessions may involve a series of touches or something as simple as holding a finger.
Shiatsu
Translated to "finger pressure", this Japanese technique involves rhythmic pressing of acupressure points for three to ten second intervals. Thumbs are primarily used as they can exert a more firm pressure than fingers. This technique tends to be more vigorous than acupressure.
Tsubo
Tsubos are certain pressure/nerve points on the meridians that relate to certain organs. Tsubo applies pressure to these spots to relieve various ailments. Intended for home use.
TuiNa / Chinese Massage
Involves the use of hand techniques to massage muscles and tendons, acupressure techniques to promote energy flow through the body, and physical manipulation techniques to re-align the musculoskeletal system. May also use herbal compresses, liniments, poultices, and salves. Intended for home use.
Zen Shiatsu
Combining the strengths of both Shiatsu and Zen Buddhism, Zen Shiatsu is a strenuous technique that adds yoga-like stretches to facilitate the opening of meridians. Health practitioner will apply heavy pressure to acupressure points, often using their full body weight to accomplish this goal. Zen Shiatsu cannot be performed at home.
Acupressure At Home
Acupressure can be easily learned and taught to others, though a more thorough understanding of the relationships and influences between qi, meridians, and your body requires significantly more study. The technique is useful for treating a number of relatively minor ailments and conditions, though you may not be able to reach all points yourself. Solicit the help of a friend or see a certified acupressure practitioner.
Wait at least one hour after eating before performing acupressure. Loose cotton clothes allow you to move easily and minimize the disturbance of qi. If someone is performing acupressure on you, he or she should relax and wash, dry, and warm his or her hands.
Missing the acupressure point and applying pressure for too short a duration are common mistakes when performing acupressure at home. Use an acupressure chart to locate the meridians and points on your body and use only the amount of pressure you can tolerate. Remember, acupressure should be pleasantly painful. See Pressure and Methods, above, for more helpful hints.
If you feel a dull ache or "electrical" feeling when pressing an acupoint, this feeling will subside when the point has been balanced. Sensitive points are signs of excess energy in the body.
For serious illnesses, consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner to determine the appropriateness of this healing method for your needs.
Ailments / Situations Where Used
When you instinctively rub a sore joint, the temples on your aching head, or hold your stomach to ease cramps, you are employing acupressure techniques.
Acupressure can be used to tone muscle and improve circulation in sprained / strained / swollen muscles and joints resulting from injury. By pressing various pressure points, muscle tension is relieved, muscle fibres relax and lengthen, blood flows more freely to the injury, and swelling is reduced. The pressure stimulation also promotes the release of neurotransmitters that inhibit the reception and transmission of pain.
Arthritis, headaches, and nausea (including post-surgical) can all benefit from acupressure. This therapy is particular adept in dealing with the nausea and resulting morning sickness associated with pregnancy by applying pressure to the P(C) 6 point located on the wrist. Sea bands can also be used (see below).
Emotional situations such as depression, tension and sadness can be relieved by pressing on various acupoints on the back and near your shoulder blades which release accumulated tension held in your body. Points on your wrist and in the centre of your forehand can be used to the same effect to relieve anxiety.
To relieve a toothache caused by a cavity, abscess, or other dental problem, simply massage the hand on the same side as the pain with ice! Rubbing ice on the Hoka point (the LI 4 point) on the back of the hand can potentially reduce dental pain by 50%. Wrap ice in gauze and massage the web of the "pain" hand between your thumb and index finger until the area feels numb. NOTE: This point should not be used by pregnant women, as stimulation of the Hoka point can result in uterine contractions.
Some side effects resulting from chemotherapy can also be relieved with this therapy. Vomiting can be controlled through electrical stimulation along, again, the P(C) 6 point.
If you are undergoing smoking cessation, tiny seeds or small metal pellets similar to ball bearings may be taped to specific points on the ear. When you feel the urge to smoke, simply press these points to negate the feeling.
Heartburn and menstrual cramps can also benefit from acupressure by applying pressure to the SP 5 and SP 6 points respectively. A variety of pressure points can be used when dealing with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.
Acupressure generally enhances immunity and improves lymphatic and hormonal system function by promoting circulation through brisk rubbing, among other techniques.
If you are having difficulty meditating, lightly holding a point at the centre of your forehead just above the bridge of your nose for one minute with your eyes closed effectively promotes a meditative state.
Sea Bands
Sea bands are elastic wrist straps that contain a small bump designed to apply continuous pressure to the P 6 point on the wrist. The bands are most popular with sailors to combat sea sickness and pregnant women dealing with morning sickness.
Acupressure Certification
Health practitioners practicing acupressure should be properly licensed or certified. Ideally, obtain recommendations from friends or family who have employed the services of the practitioner in the past.
Typical Session(s)
Your acupressure practitioner should relax, and wash, dry, and warm his or her hands before commencing the session. Typically, you lie on a futon or other relaxing surface.
He or she will use both hands, usually close together, on the same meridian. As most points occur on both sides of your body, treatment should be given on both sides. More muscular parts of the body receive greater pressure while more bony areas receive lighter pressure. Light pressure is also used on children, older people, and those with low energy levels. He or she will use one or more of the Pressure and Methods, described above.
To enhance energy and function, acupressure is applied in the direction of flow of the meridian. To calm and relax an over-stimulated body, pressure is applied against the direction of flow either with the palm covering a point or a light motion applied to the point. Hands are removed slowly. To relax and balance the body, points are worked from top to bottom and back to front.
Your acupressure practitioner will focus on areas requiring specific treatment as needed. Acute conditions may require only one session and a follow-up. Chronic conditions may require treatments two to four times weekly for several weeks or months, depending on the situation.
Contraindications / Precautions / Warnings
It is important to be knowledgeable with the acupressure points you are dealing with. Stimulation of some acupoints can cause undesirable effects and may aggravate a condition. In addition, some points should be avoided when dealing with certain conditions. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner when first undergoing acupressure therapy to ensure you are working with the correct acupoint or series of points.
Acupressure and Pregnancy
Although acupressure is a safe, effective means of relieving morning sickness during pregnancy, not all acupressure points are safe for use by pregnant women. Consult with your naturopath or other health practitioner before undergoing acupressure therapy to determine the appropriateness of this healing method for your needs.
Contacts
The Canadian Acupressure Institute
301-733 Johnson Street
Victoria, British Columbia
V8W 3C7
Tel.: 250.388.7475
Toll-Free: 1.877.909.2244
Fax: 250.388.7498
Web: spiritcentral.com/cai
Email: caii@tnet.net
Acupressure Institute
1533 Shattuck Avenue
Berkeley, California
94709
Tel.: 510.845.1059
Web: www.acupressure.com
Email: info@acupressure.com
Ailment / Situation Listing
See also
Acupuncture
